Criminal Justice Final

Front 1

Our definition of a crime is conduct in violation of the criminal laws of a state, the federal government, or a local jurisdiction, for which there is no legally acceptable

Back 1

False

Front 2

The model of criminal justice that assumes the various parts of the justice system work together by design to achieve the wider purpose of justice is call the:

Back 2

Consensus model

Front 3

T / F Our definition of probable cause is: “Facts and Circumstances that would lead a reasonable person to believe that a crime has been or is about to be committed.

Back 3

True

Front 4

Which of the following is a trial in which the judge determines guilt or innocence?

Back 4

Bench Trial

Front 5

T / F The burden of proof in a criminal case is proof beyond a reasonable doubt.

Back 5

False

Front 6

The two main sources of criminal justice data in the United States are:

Back 6

Uniform crime report and national crime victimization Survey

Front 7

T / F Crime rates are a more reliable way to measure crime than raw numbers.

Back 7

True

Front 8

A classification scheme used in the study and description of criminal behavior is a:

Back 8

Crime Typology

Front 9

T / F The four sources of criminal law discussed in class were constitutions, statutes, court decisions and administrative regulations.

Back 9

True

Front 10

When Congress authorized a survey of crime in America, which federal agency was assigned the task of implementing a program to carry out the survey?

Back 10

FBI

Front 11

T / F The two main types of criminal law discussed in class were substantive and procedural

Back 11

True

Front 12

The primary purpose of tort law is to:

Back 12

Compesate the plaintiff

Front 13

T / F The three types of damages in civil cases are actual, compensatory & punitive

Back 13

True

Front 14

The latin term that means the rule of precedent or judges following previous decisions is known as:

Back 14

Stare Decisis

Front 15

T / F Mala Prohibita means wrong because the law says so.

Back 15

False

Front 16

Jurisdiction, vagueness, and repeal/amendment of a statute are examples of:

Back 16

Limits on Criminal Law

Front 17

T/ F The U.S. has two levels of criminal justice: state and federal

Back 17

False

Front 18

The two main goals of due process are:

Back 18

Accuracy and effectiveness

Front 19

T/ F The two main elements of a crime discussed in class were: mens rea and actus reus

Back 19

True

Front 20

The three main categories of crime discussed in class were:

Back 20

Felonies, misdemeanors and infraction/offenses

Front 21

T / F Civil Justice consists of activities and procedures having to do with private rights and relationships.

Back 21

True

Front 22

The scientific study of the causes and prevention of crime and the rehabilitation and punishment of offenders is know as?

Back 22

Criminology

Front 23

The Crime Control Model emphasizes:

Back 23

The efficient arrest and conviction of criminal justice offenders

Front 24

T / F Evidence based practice is a crime fighting strategy using methods that have been scientifically tested and are based on social science research

Back 24

True

Front 25

In the second chapter, there’s a picture and a caption of the worst serial killer in the nation to date, that killer is:

Back 25

Gary Ridgeway

Front 26

T / F Part 1 offenses are not crimes which have to occur first in order for a more serious crime can be committed.

Back 26

False

Front 27

In the book’s discussion about organized crime, what popular television show is mentioned?

Back 27

The Sopranos

Front 28

Crimes against the elderly, crimes against women, stalking and hate crime fall under which of the following?

Back 28

Crime typologies

Front 29

Statutory law and case law are the foundations of?

Back 29

Criminal Law

Front 30

T/ F Transnational organized crime is unlawful activity that is undertaken and supported by organized crime groups across national boundaries

Back 30

False

Front 31

31. T / F Jurisprudence is the philosophy of the law. Also, the science and study of the law

Back 31

False

Front 32

T / F The body of judicial precedent, historically built on legal reasoning and past interpretations of statutory laws, that serves as a guide to decision making, especially in the courts is known as case law.

Back 32

False

Front 33

The only crime mentioned in the Constitution of the United States is:

Back 33

Treason

Front 34

The latin term meaning “guilty mind” is

Back 34

Mens Rea

Front 35

Ex Post Facto means:

Back 35

After the fact

Front 36

The latin term that demonstrates facts that show a crime has occurred is:

Back 36

Corpos Delecti

Front 37

T / F The insanity defense is used rarely and is only successful 2% of the time

Back 37

Flase

Front 38

What period of American history was NOT associated with an increase in crime rates?

Back 38

Post world War II- 1960

Front 39

T / F A common law and constitutional prohibition against a second trial for the same offense is known as double jeopardy

Back 39

False

Front 40

The M’Naghten Rule is used to determine which of the following?

Back 40

A criminal defendant's insanity

Front 41

If an officer has probable cause, he/she may conduct a search of an automobile without a warrant because of which rule?

Back 41

Fleeting Target exception

Front 42

True / False The branch of government responsible for dispute resolutions is the Judicial

Back 42

False

Front 43

In which era did police gain pride in their profession?:

Back 43

Reform Era

Front 44

True / False One element of community policing is not centralization of command..

Back 44

False

Front 45

True / False When public safety is at issue, an officer is allowed to conduct a suspicion-less search because of a compelling interest..

Back 45

False

Front 46

True / False For probable cause to exist to search a particular premise, two conclusions must be supported by substantial and trustworthy evidence: that specific items to be searched for are connected to criminal activity and that those items will be found in the place to be searched.

Back 46

True

Front 47

Before a judge issues a warrant, what must an officer demonstrate as justification for the warrant?

Back 47

Probable Cause

Front 48

Which Supreme Court case made the exclusionary rule applicable to the states?:

Back 48

Mapp v. Ohio

Front 49

A police officer can’t arrest a suspect without probable caused based on the?:

Back 49

4th Amendment

Front 50

The exclusion of evidence obtained in violation of a defendants constitutional rights acts as a deterrent to police misconduct under which rule discussed in class?:

Back 50

Exclusionary Rule

Front 51

The three branches of government discussed in class were

Back 51

Legislative, executive, judicial

Front 52

Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics for good police work discussed in class?:

Back 52

Good Vision

Front 53

The three major innovations in early policing discussed in class were:

Back 53

Patrol Car, two- way Radio, telephone

Front 54

The invention of ????? provoked a more organized effort towards the establishment of public policing in the 17th and 18th century?

Back 54

Gin

Front 55

Back in the Middle Ages, the person responsible for weapons and equipment for 100 families in his geographic area was know as the:

Back 55

Constable

Front 56

True / False The main purpose of the Miranda warnings is to inform suspects of their rights

Back 56

False

Front 57

True / False Most people take don’t advantage of their rights to remain silent and have counsel present.

Back 57

False

Front 58

True / False The two elements required for Miranda warnings are custodial interrogation.

Back 58

True

Front 59

The case that requires advisement of rights due criminal suspects by the police before questioning begins is:

Back 59

Miranda vs. Arizona

Front 60

21. The information gathering activity of police that involves direct questioning of suspects is:

Back 60

Interrogation

Front 61

A warrantless search of an arrested individual conducted to ensure the safety of the arresting officer is known as:

Back 61

Search incident to arrest

Front 62

True / False A legal principle that excludes from introduction at trial any evidence later developed as a result of an illegal search or seizure is known as “fruit of the poisonous tree”

Back 62

True

Front 63

True / False The legal definition of a “search” is “a patting down of the outer clothing of a suspect based upon reasonable suspicion, designed to locate contraband or criminal evidence while questioning a suspect

Back 63

False

Front 64

The landmark case that addressed stop and frisk and mentioned looking through “police colored glasses” discussed in class was:

Back 64

Terry vs. Ohio

Front 65

The two cases discussed in class that related to the exclusionary rule were:

Back 65

Mapp vs. Ohio and Weeks vs. United States

Front 66

15. Most due process requirements of relevance to the police pertain to which three major areas?

Back 66

Evidence and investigation, arrest, interrogation

Front 67

14. In the beginning of the legal aspects chapter, who was the major case about discussed in relation to the abuse of police power which we also discussed in class?:

Back 67

Rodney King

Front 68

13. True / False The two main divisions of authority in police agencies are line and staff operations.

Back 68

True

Front 69

12. A multi-agency law enforcement facility designed to enhance cooperative efforts through a coordinated process for collecting, sharing, and analyzing information in order to develop actionable intelligence is known as a:

Back 69

Fusion Center

Front 70

11. True / False The three tenets of community policing discussed in class were: using a problem solving approach, being service oriented, encouraging officers use of discretion

Back 70

True

Front 71

10. The three styles of policing discussed in class and the book were:

Back 71

Watchman, service, legalistic

Front 72

9. True / False Span of control means the number of police personel or the number of units supervised by a particular officer

Back 72

False

Front 73

8. Which is NOT a basic purpose of policing in democratic societies?:

Back 73

Determining what constitutes a crime

Front 74

7. In the 1900s, the criteria for selection of police officers discussed in class was:

Back 74

Physical fitness and political influence

Front 75

6. True/False The military model is not well suited for police work

Back 75

False

Front 76

5. Three main problems with early policing discussed in class were:

Back 76

Low pay, disrespect, ineffectiveness

Front 77

4. A crime analysis and police management process built on crime mapping that was developed by the New York City Police Department in the mid 1990s is known as:

Back 77

Compstat

Front 78

3. What does C.O.P. stand for as discussed in class?

Back 78

Constable on parol

Front 79

2. True / False The “New Police” were not immediately popular with the citizens of London because they were seen as unnesecary encroachment into the lives of Londoners

Back 79

False

Front 80

1. True/ False The Mutual Pledge systems was a system of community self-responsibility that existed in Britain in the Middle Ages in which residents were held responsible for the conduct of their neighbors

Back 80

True

Front 81

1. What discussed in class is thought to influence police in their decision to influence community relations, stop and arrest and corruption?

Back 81

Police Cynicism

Front 82

2. The three police personality aspects discussed in class were:

Back 82

Danger, isolation, authority

Front 83

3. The branch of a police organization tasked with investigating charges of wrongdoing involving members of the department is::

Back 83

Internal Affairs

Front 84

4. Which of the following is NOT one of the three styles of policing discussed in class?

Back 84

Leader

Front 85

5. A form of police/government corruption involving failure to perform a legal duty discussed in class is:

Back 85

Nonfeasance

Front 86

6. True / False Some researchers explain police corruption in terms of “rotten apples” and if they were eliminated this could make corruption disappear.

Back 86

True

Front 87

7. True / False Formal police academy training is not one of the ways that police are introduced to the police subculture.

Back 87

False

Front 88

8. A form of police / government corruption involving failure to perform a legal duty in a proper manner discussed in class is:

Back 88

Misfeasance

Front 89

9. A tendency to favor blind obedience to authority discussed in class is known as:

Back 89

Authoritiatianism

Front 90

10. A grass-eater would commit which type of corruption?

Back 90

Accepting gratutites

Front 91

11. As discussed in class, police officers with a college degree tend to be?????? than police officers without a college degree?

Back 91

Less Authoritarian

Front 92

12. Which of the following is not one of the benefits of college educated police officers discussed in class???????

Back 92

They use less vacation time

Front 93

13. The ability to choose between arrest and non-arrest solely on a police officers judgment as discussed in class is:

Back 93

Police discretion

Front 94

14. The special responsibility to adhere to moral duty and obligation that is inherent in police work is known as:

Back 94

Police wethics

Front 95

15. An unwritten policy in which police are not required to fully enforce the laws as written, discussed in class is:

Back 95

Selective enforcement

Front 96

16. A form of police / government corruption involving commission of an illegal act discussed in class is:

Back 96

Malfeasance

Front 97

17. In 2011, the leading cause of death of U.S. law enforcement officers killed in the line of duty was:

Back 97

Gunfire

Front 98

18. True / False Suits of civil liability brought against law enforcement personnel are of two types: state and federal.

Back 98

True

Front 99

19. Which of the following is NOT one of the four factors discussed in class to evaluate the reasonableness of the use of force?

Back 99

The target environment of the area

Front 100

20. Which is not a true statement regarding policing in the post 9/11 environment?

Back 100

The federal government has the sole responsibility for preventing and responding to terrorist attacks.

Front 101

21. True / False State courts do not have the freedom to interpret state and federal law and are not organized in a similar manner.

Back 101

False

Front 102

22. The lawful authority of a court to review a decision made by a lower court is at the?

Back 102

Appellate jurisdiction

Front 103

23. The three levels of state court jurisdiction are:

Back 103

Limited, General, Appellate

Front 104

24. Legislative Courts are courts that are created by?

Back 104

Congress

Front 105

25. True / False One situation where the US Supreme Court must rule is when an act of Congress has been found unconstitutional in a lower federal court.

Back 105

True

Front 106

26. Which of the following is not one of the four purposes of the first appearance?

Back 106

To allow defendant the opportunity to have access to exhibits of evidence

Front 107

27. Which of the following terms describes the release of an accused person from custody upon his or her promise to appear in court as required?

Back 107

Pre-Trial Release

Front 108

28. R.O.R. stands for?????????

Back 108

Release on Recognizance

Front 109

29. Justin Beiber has been arrested on three counts of felonious celebrity obnoxiousness: 1. for urinating in restaurant mop buckets, 2. speeding in residential neighborhoods and 3. sporting crappy body art. Before his trial, he signs a document saying the courts can seize his houses and cars if he does not show up for his court dates. This describes what kind of alternative to bail?

Back 109

Property bond

Front 110

30. The primary purpose of preliminary hearings is to:

Back 110

Give the defendant an opportunity to challenge the legal basis for their detention

Front 111

31. True / False A hearing before a court having jurisdiction in a criminal case in which the identity of the defendant is established, the defendant is informed of the charges and of his or her rights and where the defendant may enter a plea is known as an arraignment.

Back 111

True

Front 112

32. Which of the following scenarios would most likely to be resolved in a community court?

Back 112

Lady Gaga vandalizing homes in her neighborhood

Front 113

33. True / False Nolo Contendere means “No contest”

Back 113

False

Front 114

34. The money or property pledged to the court or actually deposited with the court to effect the release of a person from legal custody is known as:

Back 114

Bail

Front 115

35. The territory, subject matter, or people over which a court or other justice agency may exercise lawful authority, as determined by statue or constitution is known as:

Back 115

Jurisdiction

Front 116

36. True / False There are three types of pleas discussed in class: Guilty, Not Guilty, and No Contendere

Back 116

False

Front 117

37. True / False One of the situations in which the US Supreme Court must make a ruling is when a US Court of Appeals has found a state law unconstitutional.

Back 117

True

Front 118

38. True / False There are three levels of Federal Court Jurisdiction

Back 118

True

Front 119

39. True / False One of the purposes of early intervention programs is to supervise defendants released prior to their trials to make sure they comply with court ordered release conditions.

Back 119

True

Front 120

40. True / False One of the two main purposes of bail discussed in class was not that bail ensures that a defendant stays in jail so no court dates will be missed.

Back 120

False

Front 121

1. True / False Participants in a criminal trial can be divided into two categories: professionals and outsiders.

Back 121

True

Front 122

2. Which of the following is NOT one of the main players in the courtroom workgroup?

Back 122

Victim

Front 123

3. Which of the following is NOT one of the things a judge does?

Back 123

Represents the governments side of the case

Front 124

4. Any information having a tendency to clear a person of guilt or blame is known as:

Back 124

Exculpatory evidence

Front 125

5. Which of the following is NOT a qualification in order to become a judge in general jurisdiction and appellate courts?

Back 125

Be above the age of 35

Front 126

6. Lindsay Lohan shoplifted a necklace from a jewelry store according to the store clerk. What role does Lindsay Lohan play in court?

Back 126

Defendant

Front 127

7. The person in the courtroom responsible for sentencing offenders is the?

Back 127

Judge

Front 128

8. The person in court who argues in favor of a conviction is the?

Back 128

Prosecutor

Front 129

9. The person in court who tests the strength of prosecutions case is the?

Back 129

Defense attorney

Front 130

10. The court officer whose duties are to keep order in the courtroom, to secure witnesses, and to maintain physical custody of the jury is the?

Back 130

Baligg

Front 131

11. A written order issued by a judicial officer or grand jury requiring an individual to appear in court and to give testimony or to bring material to be used as evidence is known as a?

Back 131

Subpoena

Front 132

12. True / False There were three types of defense counsel discussed in class: private attorneys, court appointed counsel and public defenders.

Back 132

True

Front 133

13. The two sided structure under which American criminal trial courts operate that pits the prosecution against the defense in theory, justice is done when the more effective adversary is able to convince the judge or jury that his or her perspective on the case is the correct one is known as?

Back 133

Adversarial system

Front 134

14. Which of the following courtroom workgroup members maintains all the records of criminal cases including pleas and motions made both before and after the trial?

Back 134

Court Clerk

Front 135

15. Evidence that has been produced that is sufficient to convince a judge or a jury of a defendant’s guilt is know as:

Back 135

Legal Guilt

Front 136

16. The process by which prospective jurors are questioned about their backgrounds and potential biases before being chosen to sit on a jury is known as:

Back 136

Voir Dire

Front 137

17. Evidence that proves a fact without requiring the judge or jury to draw inferences is known as:

Back 137

Direct Evidence

Front 138

18. The 1974 federal law requiring that proceedings against a defendant in a criminal case begin within a specified period of time, such as 70 working days after indictment is known as?

Back 138

Speedy Trial Act

Front 139

19. Evidence that is indirect and requires a judge or jury to make inferences and to draw conclusions is known as:

Back 139

Circumstantial evidence

Front 140

20. The oral evidence offered by a sworn witness on the witness stand during a criminal trial is known as:

Back 140

Testimony

Front 141

21. Which of the following is NOT one of the five goals of contemporary sentencing discussed in class?

Back 141

Diversion

Front 142

22. True / False Specific deterrence is aimed at preventing future crimes by offenders.

Back 142

True

Front 143

23. Miley Cyrus broke into a number of houses and took a bunch of selfies while she was twerking. As part of her sentencing for breaking into the homes, the judge ordered that she would spend 500 hours working with others explaining how wrong it is to break into other peoples homes to take selfies while twerking. Which of the following goals of contemporary criminal sentencing does this exemplify?

Back 143

Restoration

Front 144

24. Which of the following is one of the concerns with Truth In Sentencing laws discussed in class?

Back 144

Cost
-The extension of these provisions to non-violent crime
-Federal involvement with the state’s rights to set sentences

Front 145

25. Which of the following best explains the effect of victim-impact statements?

Back 145

Victim-impact statements have little effect on a judge’s sentences

Front 146

26. The imposition of a criminal sanction by a judicial authority is known as:

Back 146

Sentencing

Front 147

27. A goal of criminal sentencing that attempts to make the victim “whole again” is known as?

Back 147

Restoration

Front 148

28. The two fundamental sentencing principles discussed in class were?

Back 148

Proportionality and Equity

Front 149

29. Which of the following is NOT one of the sentencing alternatives discussed in class?

Back 149

Capital Punishment

Front 150

30. A method that allows crime victims to present evidence, either orally or in writing, for the court to consider when imposing a sentence on an offender is:

Back 150

Victim Impact statements

Front 151

31. True / False Circumstances relating to the commission of a crime that make it more grave than the average instance of that crime is an aggravating circumstance.

Back 151

True

Front 152

32. PSI stands for?

Back 152

Pre-Sentence Investigation

Front 153

33. Which of the following is an example of public shaming?

Back 153

Justin Bieber has to wear a t-shirt that says “I Pee in Restaurant Mop Buckets” every time he goes into a restaurant

Front 154

34. A sentencing principle that holds that the severity of sanctions should bear a direct relationship to the seriousness of the crime committed is known as:

Back 154

Proportinality

Front 155

35. The use of imprisonment or other means to reduce the likelihood that an offender will commit further offenses is known as:

Back 155

Incapactiation

Front 156

36. Which of the following are things the defendant does?

Back 156

Select and retain counsel
Decide what information to provide
Decide what information to withhold
Decide what plea to enter

Front 157

37. Evidence that may be direct or circumstantial that consists of physical material or shows traces of physical activity is known as:

Back 157

Real Evidence

Front 158

38. Taylor Swift is arrested and convicted for one count of making too many hit songs and two counts of making too much money from them with each count costing her a year in a prison cell with Miley Cyrus. The judge wants her to serve all of her time at once. This type of sentencing strategy is known as a:

Back 158

Concurrent Sentence

Front 159

39. True / False General deterrence is directed at preventing crime among the general population.

Back 159

True

Front 160

40. Another name for the Marvin K. Peterson Building on campus is:

Back 160

Library