Criminal Justice Chapters 1-4 Exam 1

Front 1

Criminal Justice:

Back 1

The sum total of society's activities to defend itself against the actions it defines as criminal

Front 2

George Wickersham:

Back 2

Found in his report the Wickersham report that criminal justice had very little justice.

Front 3

Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act

Back 3

Act that was passed in 1968 which created the LEAA

Front 4

Systems of criminal Justice:

Back 4

Police-Courts-corrections

Front 5

Cake Model:

Back 5

1. celebrated cases 2. seroius felony cases 3. lesser felony cases 4. misdemeanor cases

Front 6

1967 phases and paths:

Back 6

1. entry into system 2. prosecution and pretrial services 3. adjudication (formal trials) 4. sentencing and sanctions 5. corrections

Front 7

Probable cause:

Back 7

Set of facts that would lead a reasonable person to believe that an accused person committed the offense in question

Front 8

Exclusionary rule:

Back 8

rule prohibiting use of illegally obtained evidence in a court of law

Front 9

Reasonable suspicion:

Back 9

Susispicion that a person has been or may engage in a crime

Front 10

Preliminary hearing and grand jury:

Back 10

Preview of a trial held in court before a judge in which the prosecution must give enough evidence for the judge to allow a full trial, grand jury is a panel of 16 to 23 citizens who screen the evidence to decide whether a formal charge is justified

Front 11

Prima Facie Case

Back 11

Case in which there is evidence that would warrant the conviction of the defendant unless otherwise contradicted

Front 12

Free speech:

Back 12

Provided by the first amendment in the bill of rights

Front 13

Prisoners rights:

Back 13

Criminals are still citizens and subject to the majority of rights that citizens enjoy

Front 14

Indictment:

Back 14

accusation against a criminal defendant rendered by a grand jury on the basis of evidence constituting a prima facie case

Front 15

Plea bargaining:

Back 15

When a defendant pleads guilty for a reduced sentence, must be done in the presence of the judge, defendant, prosecution, and defence

Front 16

Sentencing guidelines:

Back 16

Certain crimes can only be punished to the extent the law allows, if the set max for jail time of a misdemeanor is 1 year the judge cannot sentence you for longer

Front 17

Probation:

Back 17

Alt to prisonment allowing a person to live in a community under supervision and restrictions

Front 18

Alt. sanctions:

Back 18

Punishments or other dispositions imposed instead of the principal sanctions currently in use.

Front 19

Parole:

Back 19

Supervised conditional release of a convicted prisoner before expiration of their prison sentence.

Front 20

In re Gault case:

Back 20

Landmark case that assured juveniles the same rights as adults in court

Front 21

Direct File:

Back 21

the ability for prosecuters to try to have a child tried as an adult (for serious crimes)

Front 22

Transnational crime:

Back 22

Criminal activies extending into and violating laws of multiple countries

Front 23

Extradition:

Back 23

Process of ancient origin by which an alleged offender is transferred form one country to anoter for trial

Front 24

International Crime:

Back 24

Crimes violating international law (typically war crimes)

Front 25

Aggression:

Back 25

Use of armed force by a state against another state or its property

Front 26

International crime court:

Back 26

Established by the united nations, are temporary criminal courts created to try defendants accused of crimes under international law

Front 27

Terrorism:

Back 27

The use or threat of violence against people or governments to bring about a change for the terrorists liking

Front 28

Money laundering:

Back 28

Converting dirty money into clean money through manipulation of the banking system.

Front 29

Homicide:

Back 29

the killing of one person by another

Front 30

criminal homicide:

Back 30

unjustified killing of another

Front 31

assault:

Back 31

unlawful offer or attempt with force to hurt another

Front 32

simple assault

Back 32

attack that inflicts little harm to victim

Front 33

aggravated assault

Back 33

attack that inflicts serious harm, or uses a deadly weapon

Front 34

robbery:

Back 34

the taking of the property of another out of his presence by usage or threat of violence

Front 35

larceny

Back 35

trespassory taking of personal property in order to deprive the owner of their property permanently

Front 36

fraud

Back 36

acquisition of the property of another through deception

Front 37

burglary

Back 37

the nighttime breaking and entering of a dwelling house of another with intention to commit crime

Front 38

arson

Back 38

malicious burning of the dwelling of another or their property

Front 39

White collar crime:

Back 39

Business related or corporate crime

Front 40

Churning:

Back 40

practice of trading a clients shares of stock frequently to generate large commissions

Front 41

bankruptcy fraud:

Back 41

Scam designed to take advantage of loopholes in the bankruptcy laws

Front 42

Consumer fraud

Back 42

the act of causing a consumer to surrender money through deceit or misrepresentation of fact

Front 43

embezzlement

Back 43

the conversion of property with whichone is entrusted

Front 44

corporate crime:

Back 44

criminal act committed by one or more employees of a corporation that is attributed to the org. itself

Front 45

Sherman antitrust act

Back 45

passed in 1890 to prohibit any contract, conspiratcy, or interest in restraint of foreign or interstate trade

Front 46

organized crime

Back 46

illegal behavior that is planned and carried out by groups of people in a very systematic fashion

Front 47

index crimes

Back 47

the eight major crimes, crim homicide, foricble rape, robbery, aggravated assault, burglary, larceny/theft, motor vehicle theft, arson

Front 48

arrest:

Back 48

seize and hold somebody under legal authority

Front 49

psychopathy:

Back 49

condition in which a person has no sense of responsability, disregards truth, is insincere, and feels no guilt, shame, or humiliation

Front 50

modus operandi

Back 50

means and method by which crime is committed

Front 51

subculture

Back 51

a subdivision within dominant culture that has its own beliefes and norms

Front 52

labeling theory

Back 52

explanation of deviance in terms of the way a person acquires a negative identity, and is forced to suffer the consequences (ex-con)

Front 53

conflict theory

Back 53

model of crime in which the criminal justice system is seen as being used by the ruling class to control the lower class

Front 54

Seven basic principles of criminal law

Back 54

1. legality (crime clearly defined in law) 2. Conduct (capable of rational decision making at time of crime) 3. harm (how value of crime is calculated 4. causation (howd it happen? 5. Mens Rea (guilty mind criminal intent) 6. concurrence requirement (whether a crime was accidental as a result of another crime) 7. punishment

Front 55

Mala Prohibita

Back 55

wrongs that are merely prohibited

Front 56

mala in se

Back 56

offenses deemed inherently evil

Front 57

tort

Back 57

wrong commited by one person against another

Front 58

felony

Back 58

serious crime subject to above a year in jail and also subject to capital punishment

Front 59

misdemeanor

Back 59

less serious crime than a felony with a max jail time of 1 year

Front 60

violation

Back 60

infraction of the law for which normally only a fine can be imposed

Front 61

insanity

Back 61

a defense used when the defendant claims they were not mentally sane at the time and thus not responsible for their actions

Front 62

durress

Back 62

when a person or worker is threatened for property

Front 63

accessoryship

Back 63

criminal liability of all those who aid the perpetrator of an offense

Front 64

accomplice

Back 64

person who helps another commit a crime

Front 65

conspiracy

Back 65

agreement among 2 or more persons to commit a crime