Criminal Justice

Front 1

Index Crimes

Back 1

Something serving to point out; a sing, toke, or indication: as in a true index of his character

Front 2

Part 1 Index Crimes

Back 2

Most important crimes
Violent:
murder
rape
aggravated assault (attempted murder)
robbery

Front 3

Part II Index Crimes

Back 3

all other offenses
DUI, fraud, drug crimes, gambling, embezzelment, etc.

Front 4

Substantive Criminal Law

Back 4

defines crime and penalties

Front 5

Procedural Criminal Law

Back 5

rules designed to implement substantive law
based on Bill of Rights

Front 6

Mens Rea

Back 6

Guilt mind or intent

Front 7

Civil Law

Back 7

Not criminal
regulates commerce, disagreements

Front 8

M'Naghten Rule

Back 8

can't tell right from wrong

Front 9

Entrapment

Back 9

Police have the right to encourage criminal to commit a crime, but can't induce someone to commit a crime they otherwise would not have done

Front 10

Wedding Cake

Back 10

1-celebrated crimes
2-serious felonies
3-less serious felonies
4-misdemeanors

Front 11

Courtroom work group

Back 11

the phrase used to denote that all parties in the adversary process work together in a cooperative effort to settle cases with the least amount of effort and conflict

involves:
prosecutor, defense attorney, judge, and other court personnel

Front 12

social control

Back 12

some behaviors are considered so dangerous that they must either be strictly controlled or outlawed outright; some people are so destructive that they must be monitored or even confined

Front 13

Uniform Crime Report (UCR)

Back 13

The FBI's yearly publication of where, when, and how much serious crime occurred in the prior year

Front 14

National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)

Back 14

The ongoing victimization study conducted jointly by the Justice Department and the U.S. Census Bureau that surveys victims about their experiences with law violation

Front 15

Felony

Back 15

A more serious offense that carries a penalty of incarceration in a state prison, usually for one year or more. Persons convicted of felony offenses lose such rights as the right to vote, hold elective office, or maintain certain licenses

Front 16

Misdemeanor

Back 16

A minor crime usually punished by less than one year's imprisonment in a local institution, such as a county jail

Front 17

Actus Reus

Back 17

An illegal act. Teh actus reus can be an affirmative act, such as taking money or shooting someone, or a failure to act, such as failing to take proper precautions while driving a car

Front 18

Strict Liability Crimes

Back 18

Illegal act whose elements do not contain the need for intent, or mens rea; usually, acts that endanger the public welfare, such as illegal dumping of toxic wastes

Front 19

Duress

Back 19

to prove duress, defendants must show they have been forced into committing a crime in order to prevent death or serious harm to self or others.

Front 20

Cyber Terrorism

Back 20

An attack against an enemy nation's technological infrastructure

Front 21

Cyber Crime

Back 21

Any illegal behavior that targets the security of computer systems and/or the data accessed and processed by computer networks

Front 22

Identity Theft

Back 22

Using the internet to steal someone's identity and impersonate the victim in order to conduct illicit transactions such as committing fraud using the victim's name and identity

Front 23

Phishing

Back 23

Illegally acquiring personal information, such as bank passwords and credit card numbers by masquerading as a trustworthy person or business in what appears to be an official electronic communication such as an email or an instant message.

Front 24

4th amendment

Back 24

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

Front 25

5th amendment

Back 25

Protects against the abuse of government authority in a legal procedure

No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offense to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

Front 26

6th amendment

Back 26

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district where in the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence

Front 27

8th amendment

Back 27

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.