Criminal Justice 2

Front 1

The Salem Witch trials took place when?

Back 1

1692

Front 2

Cesare Beccaria's _______ defines the classical theory of criminology

Back 2

Of crime and punishments

Front 3

Jeremy Bentham's _________ defines the neoclassical theory of criminology

Back 3

An Introduction to the principles of morals and legislation

Front 4

Karl Marx Communist manifesto defines _______.

Back 4

Class conflict as the cause of inequality and poverty

Front 5

Charles Darwin's origin of species lead to _______.

Back 5

Theories that criminals are born bad

Front 6

Richard Dugdale's study of Jude's family tree results in his conclusion that __________.

Back 6

Criminality is an inherited trait

Front 7

In _______ the University of ______ is the first US university to establish a dept. of _______.

Back 7

1892

Chicago

Sociology

Front 8

Emile Durkheim's suicide introduces the importance of ________.

Back 8

Social Integration as a casual factor in deviant behavior

Front 9

In ____ Sigmund Freud introduced the concept of ________.

Back 9

1899

Psychoanalytic theory

Front 10

The field of ______ is formalized with the founding of the ________ in ____ (year)

Back 10

Psychology

Psychological association in London

1901

Front 11

Ernest Burgess's ______ theory argues that _______.

Back 11

Concentric Zone

Socioeconomic factors are the causes of criminal behavior

Front 12

Robert Merton develops ______ to explain _______.

Back 12

Strain Theory

Deviance and Dysfunction.

Front 13

Frank Tannenbaum's _________ emphasizes ______.

Back 13

Crime and community

The role of stigma in delinquent behavior

Front 14

Edwin Sutherland introduces the theory of _____ and ______ as learned behavior.

Back 14

White Collar crime

Delinquency

Front 15

Richard Quinney's _________ define crime as ______.

Back 15

Criminal behavior systems

social conflict

Front 16

Criminology

Back 16

The body of knowledge regarding crime as a social phenomenon

Front 17

Classical School

Back 17

The school of thought that individuals have free will to choose whether to commit crimes

Front 18

Biological Determinism

Back 18

The School of thought that crime is caused by biological factors beyond an individuals control

Front 19

Neoclassical theories

Back 19

A contemporary view of classical school theory that believes there are mitigating factors for criminal acts, such as age or mental capacity. And that the punishment should fit the crime.

Front 20

Pain Pleasure principle

Back 20

A philosophical axiom that people are rational and seek to do that which will bring the most pleasure and to avoid that which causes them pain

Front 21

Felicitic Calculus

Back 21

The balancing of pain and pleasure as a means to to discourage criminal behavior.

Front 22

Utilitarianism

Back 22

A philosophy stating that a rational system of jurisprudence provides for the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people

Front 23

Scientific method

Back 23

The assumption that repeated testing of a hypothesis should result in similar results

Front 24

Positive school

Back 24

Modern theories of crime that people commit crime crimes because of uncontrollable internal or external factors that can be observed and measured

Front 25

Determinism

Back 25

People who believe that causes of criminal behavior are not controlled by free-will; rather they are influenced by factors beyond the control of the individual

Front 26

Ada Jules

Back 26

Labeled the mother of criminals by Richard dugdale

Front 27

atavism

Back 27

The failure of humans to fully develop into modern men and women

Front 28

Criminal Man

Back 28

Lomborso's belief that criminals were born inferior and prehuman

Front 29

Atavistic stigma

Back 29

the study of physical traits of criminals

Front 30

Bio-criminology

Back 30

Research into the roles played by genetic and neurophysical variables in criminal behavior

Front 31

Psychoanalitic Theory

Back 31

The concept that behavior is not a matter of free will, but is controlled by subconscious desires

Front 32

Id

Back 32

Unconscious desires and drives

Front 33

Ego

Back 33

The rational mind

Front 34

Superego

Back 34

the moral values system

Front 35

Social Determinism

Back 35

The idea that social forces and social groups are the causes of criminal behavior

Front 36

Anomie

Back 36

The feeling of "normlessness" and lack of belonging that people feel like when they become socially isolated

Front 37

Social Disorganization Theory

Back 37

Criminal behavior is dependent on disruptive social forces, not individual characteristics.

Front 38

Strain theory

Back 38

The assumption that individuals resort to crime out of frustration from being unable to attain economic comfort or success

Front 39

Reaction formation

Back 39

A term that describes how lower class youths reject middle class values.

Front 40

social control theory

Back 40

a theory that focuses on the social and cultural values that exert control over and reinforce the behavior of individuals

Front 41

Differential Association Theory

Back 41

The concept that criminal and delinquent behaviors are entirely learned though group interactions, with peers reinforcing and rewarding those behaviors

Front 42

Cultural Deviance Theory

Back 42

The values of sub cultural groups within society are more influential upon individual behavior than laws.

Front 43

Deviant Subculture Group

Back 43

One subculture group in which its values do not conform to social values of the larger part of society

Front 44

Neutralization theory

Back 44

The concept that most people commit some type of criminal act in their lives and that many people are prevented from doing so again because of a sense of guilt, but criminals neutralize such feelings via rationalization, denial, or appeal to higher loyalties.

Front 45

Labeling theory

Back 45

The theory that explains deviant behavior, especially juvenile delinquencies, by examining society's reactions to behaviors that are labeled as deviant.

Front 46

Conflict theories

Back 46

Theories that most politically and socially powerful people and organizations use the legal system to exploit less powerful individuals and to retain their power and privileges

Front 47

Feminist criminology

Back 47

The proposal that female criminal behavior is caused by social, political, and/or social inequality between men and women

Front 48

Radical Criminologists

Back 48

Those who advocate conflict theories and class and power inequality as the causes of crime

Front 49

Ethical Standards of Behavior

Back 49

Legal sanctions that prohibit experimentation that may harm subjects and regulate the danger of deceptions of subjects that researchers may use in an experiment

Front 50

Casual Variables

Back 50

Variables that directly influence the outcomes of relationships.