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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Homicide |
The Killing of a human being by another human being; can be felonious or non-felonious. |
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Non-Felonious Homicide |
May be justifiable or excusable |
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Justifiable Homicide |
The necessary killing of another person in performance of a legal duty or the exercise of a legal right when the slayer was not at fault. |
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Excusable Homicide |
One who commits an excusable homicide is to some degree at fault but the degree of fault is not enough to constitute a criminal homicide. |
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Misadventure |
Death occurring during the commission of a lawful or an unlawful act when the slayer has no intent to hurt and there is not criminal negligence. |
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Felonious Homicide |
Murder Manslaughter |
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Murder |
Define in common law as the killing of any human being by another with malice aforethought. |
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Manslaughter |
Criminal homicide that is committed under circumstances not sever enough to constitute murder but that cannot be classified as either justifiable or excusable homicide. |
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Medico-legal Examination |
Medical skills to bear on injury and death. |
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Forensic Pathology |
The study of how and why people die. |
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Autopsy |
Determines the time and precise cause of death. |
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Autopsy findings can determine: |
Type of weapon If multiple wounds, which was fatal How long did victim live after injury Position of victim at time of assault Direction of force Evidence of struggle or self-defense Evidence of rape or sex related acts Drugs and alcohol influence |
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Why would an examiner spend more time on an autopsy for a car accident? |
Determine if the accident was what killed the person of if the accident was result of medical condition. |
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Algor Mortis |
The decrease in body temperature that occurs after death. In ideal conditions (body temp @ death:98.6ºF room temp constant 70-75ºF) body cools 1.5ºF per hour. |
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Factors that affect algol mortis |
Infection/Fever Environment temperature Size of the body Clothing and coverings Movement and humidity of air Immersion in water |
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Rigor Mortis |
Stiffening of the joints and muscles of a body within 1-3 hours after death, usually lasting from 24-36 hours. Complete rigor when jaw, elbow and knee joints are immovable. Remains rigid until rigor passes or is physically moved and rigor is broken. |
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Livor Mortis |
Reddish purple coloration in dependent areas of the body due to the accumulation of blood in the small vessels of dependent areas secondary to gravity. Can be confused as bruising Evident within 30 min to 2 hours after death "Fixed" at 8-12 |
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Liver Mortis Fixation |
Fixation occurs when shifting or draining of blood stops or when blood leaks out of the vessels into the surrounding soft tissue causing breakdown of vessels. 8-12 hours for full fixation is a vague generalization |
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Important factors of livor mortis |
1. May help estimate time of death 2. May indicate that the body has been moved after death 3. The coloration of the skin may indicate cause of death. |
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Cadaveric Spasm |
Insta-rigor mortis "death grip" typically hand tightly clutching weapon, moment of death. |
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Decomposition |
Starts after rigor passes Skin turns green Body begins to swell (methane gas formation) Overgrowth of bacteria in warm weather or lack there of in cold weather Different rates and types of decomposition depending on environment. Rate of skeletonization depends on the environmental temperature Decomposition occurs more rapidly in injured areas Insects can accelerate decomposition |
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Does a body look the same during decomposition regardless of the environment |
No, each appear different during decomposition |
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When a body is bloated... |
epidermal sloughing and hemoglobin degradation begin. |
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Purging |
Decomposed blood and body fluids being forced out of body orifices due to increase in internal pressure from gas production. |
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True or false: An uncovered or naked body decomposes at the same rate a covered or clothed body. |
False, the uncovered body decomposes more rapidly than the covered body. |
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Forensic Entomology |
The study of the insects associated with a dead body which is used to determine the elapsed time since death. |
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How does forensic entomology help? |
Determine elapsed time since death determine if the body has been moved from one site to another position and presences of wound sites |
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Incised and Stab Wounds |
Inflicted with a sharp edge instrument such as a knife or razor - used to inflict stab or incised wounds. Less likely to result in death - intention was to injure or disfigure rather than kill; but death can occur Common location of injury: Arms, face, legs (lethal cut is generally found around throat) |
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When does death occurs in stab wounds? |
When the stab results in severe damage to vital organ, internal bleeding, shock, or sepsis. |
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Puncture Wounds |
Screwdrivers, leather punches, (classic ice pick) can produce picture wound. Small with little to no bleeding; easily over looked especially in hair areas. Death can result in the same fashion as stab wounds. |
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Lacerations |
Produced from assault with a blunt object - pipe, club. Irregularly shaped, bleeds freely with bruising around edges. If considerable force is used, impression of weapon can be left on the victims skin. |
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Caustic Poison (lye) |
Characteristic burns around lips and mouth of victim |
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Carbon Monoxide |
Victims skin takes an abnormally bright cherry-red color |
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Sulfuric acid |
Black vomit |
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Hydrochloric Acid |
Greenish-brown vomit |
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Nitric Acid |
Yellow vomit |
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Silver Salts |
White vomit turning black in daylight |
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Copper Sulfate |
Blue-green vomit |
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Phosphorus |
Coffee-brown vomit with an onion or a garlic odor |
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Cyanide |
Burnt almond odor in air, cherry-red lividity color |
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Ammonia, vinegar, Lysol, etc. |
Characteristic odors |
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Arsenic, mercury, lead salts |
Pronounced diarrhea |
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Methyl (wood) alcohol, Isopropyl (rubbing) alcohol |
Nausea and vomiting, unconsciousness, possible blindness. |
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Ligature strangulation |
Pressure on the neck applied by a constricting band tightened by a force other than body weight. Virtually all cases of this are homicide Occlusion of vessels that supply blood and o2. Cords, ropes, neckties, sheets, |
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Manual Strangulation |
Pressure of the hand forearm or other limb against the neck, compressing the internal structures of the neck. MOI = occlusion of blood vessels that supply blood to brain. Virtually all of these are homicide |
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Rape or Sexual Battery Elements
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1. Against a person's consent
2. While person is unconscious 3. While person is under influence of drugs or alcohol 4. if person is feeble minded or insane 5. if person is child under age of consent. |
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Things to consider when interviewing rape victim |
1. Do not pass judgment on the victim 2. Insensitivity can diminish the ability or willingness of the victim and case serious psychological after affects 4. Privacy is a MUST (including from husbands boyfriends etc.) 5. Victim needs to feel they can trust you 6. Ask about offenders behavior - could give insight to himself. |
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Semen and Hair |
1. Semen that contains sperm has DNA 2. Hair that has a root has DNA |
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Date Rape Drugs |
1. Rohypnol 2. Gamma Hydroxybutyrate |
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Rohypnol |
1. Benzodiazepines 2. Similar to Valium 3. Sedation, Dizziness, visual disturbances, memory impairment, LOC lack of motor skills. 4. 8-10 times more potent than Valium 5. Can be crushed into powder and mixed, 6. Effects within 30 minutes 7. symptoms lasting up to 8 hours. 8. can be lethal with alcohol 9. In blood for 12 hours, in urine for 48-96 hours |
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Gamma Hydroxybutyrate |
(GHB) Easily mixed in with food or drinks Symptoms: feelings of relaxation, seizures, LOC, Coma, death. Effects can be felt 10-20 min after ingestion Coma can occur 30-40 minutes. Drug only traceable in blood for 4-8 hours, urine 12-15 hours. |
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Robbery Elements |
1. Taking 2. Carrying away 3. Personal Property 4. Of another 5. With intent to deprive the victim permanently 6. By use of force threat fear. |
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Strong-Armed |
No weapon used |
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Ambush |
Involves virtually no planning and depends almost entirely on element of surprise |
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Selective Raid |
Minimal amount of causal planning. |
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Planned operation |
Larger scores, no planned use of force, less likelihood of apprehension and careful planning. |
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Taxicab Robberies |
Contact with large number of strangers Work high crime areas Carry cash in unsecured manner usually working alone going through isolated locations often work late at night or early morining |
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Professional Bank Robbers vs. Amateur Bank Robbers |
Pros- Division of labor, planning. aggressive take over, multiple teller windows, targets banks during week, when less people around. Previous Experience. Getaway car. Amateur- one Offender, Quiet with demands, single teller window, midday attach, near closing Previous robbery, Foot or bike getaway BOTH- Use disguise, Disable or obscure surveillance, demand dye packs, alarms, trackers, police not used. |
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Bank Robbery Prevention |
Limiting cash access Using Dye Packs Slowing Robbery Employing Greeters Use of Security Guards Warning Likely offenders Using tracking devices Using Bait money Offering Rewards Electronic Surveillance Rapidly activating alarms Bandit Barriers Access Controlled Vestibules Hardening targets Possibility of Inside job |
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Responding to Bank Robbery Scene |
Primary Objective, Public Safety, officer protection, tactical control of scene Secondary Preliminary Investigation, Apprehending perps, recovering property. |
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Smash And Grab |
Breaks in, grabs as much as they can. GTFO. |
