Criminal Behavior Ch. 14 Key Terms

Front 1

Boosters

Back 1

professional shoplifters

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Burglary

Back 2

the unlawful entry of a structure, with or without force, with intent to commit a felony or theft

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Carjacking

Back 3

the completed or attempted theft in winch a motor vehicle is taken by force or threat of force

Front 4

Cognitive scripts

Back 4

mental images of hwo one feels he or she should act in a variety of situations

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Corporate crime

Back 5

any criminal offense committed by officers or employees in which the corporation benefits

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Crimes against the public order

Back 6

Also known as Public order offenses

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Dehumanization

Back 7

a process by which individuals feel they cannot be identified, primarily because they are disguised or are subsumed within a group

Front 8

Expressive Burglars

Back 8

Burglars who take considerable pride in developing ingenious techniques and skills for successful burglary

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Fence

Back 9

An individual who accepts stolen goods and resells them

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Good Burglar

Back 10

Refers to the burglar who demonstrates technical skill and overall competence in burglarizing

Front 11

Human trafficking

Back 11

The transportation and exploitation of individuals, usually for sex related purposes and high profits. Children and women from impoverished nations or parts of the U.S. are particularly vulnerable

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Identity Theft

Back 12

The fraudulent use of another person's personal identificatin information - such as social security number, date of birht, or mother's maiden name - without that person's knowledge or permission

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Individual Occupational Crime

Back 13

Any one of a variety of offenses commuted by an individual through opportunity created by his or her occupation; see also, the four categories of individual, organizational, professional, and state-authority occupational crime. The second category of white-collar crime (along with corporate) that refers to crimes committed by individuals for their own benefit.

Front 14

Organized Occupational Crime

Back 14

Any one of a variety of offenses committed by an individual through opportunity created by his or her occupation; see also, the four categories of individual, organizational, professional, and state-authority occupational crime. The second category of white-collar crime (along with corporate) that refers to crimes committed by individuals for their own benefit.

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Professional Occupational Crime

Back 15

Any one of a variety of offenses commited by an individual through opportunity created by his or her occupation; see also, the four categories of individual, organizational, professional, and state-authority occupational crime. The second category of white-collar crime (along with corporate) that refers to crimes committed by individuals for their own benefit.

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Prostitution

Back 16

Offering or agreeing to engage in, or engaging in, a sex act with another in exchange for a fee

Front 17

Relative Deprivation

Back 17

A concept developbed by Gresham Sykes for explaining economic crime. It refers to the percieved discrepancy between what an individual has and what he or she would like to have. It is a condition that is especially prominent when people of wealth and people of poverty live in close proximity.

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Rational Reconstruction

Back 18

A mental process whereby an individual engages in a reinterpretation of past behavior through which he or she recasts activities in a manner consistent with "what should have been" rather than "what was." The term in this book was used specifically for explaining research on burglary

Front 19

Repeat Burglary

Back 19

Refers to the observation that some burglars burglarize the same place repeatedly

Front 20

Snitches

Back 20

Amateur shoplifters

Front 21

White-collar Crime

Back 21

A broad term, coined in 1939 by Edwin Sutherland, that refers to illegal acts committed by those of high social status in the process of their employment. Contemporary definitions often divide it into corporate crime and individual or occupational crime.

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Kleptomania

Back 22

The irresistible urge to steal unneeded objects. Whether there is such an urge is highly debatable.

Front 23

State Authority Occupational Crime

Back 23

Any one of a variety of offenses committed by an individual through opportunity created by his or her occupation; see also, the four categories of individual, organizational, professional, and state-authority occupational crime. The second category of white-collar crime (along with corporate) that refers to crimes committed by individuals for their own benefit

Front 24

What are some attributes of property crime?

Back 24

Dehuminization of victim, objectification
-because many of the property offences do not involve direct contact with victim it is easier for the offender to discount or reject notions of harm.
b& e offers greatest probability of sucess with least

Front 25

Breaking and entry 8pt

Back 25

-Residentialy common in daytime/weekdays and buisiness at night/weekends
-higher incidence durring summer
-under 25 and male
-prime time for juvinieles 3-6pm or after school
-seldom random
-most serious when in relation to dwelling house
-opportunity may play a role
-self report of offendors subject to rational reconstruction

Front 26

casing the joint

2 theorists

other items

Back 26

nee and taylor, wealthy, layout, security cues
bennett and wright: surveillability and occupancy
occupancy proxies=burglar alarms, dogs, neighbors
-entry points common are patio door, break or cut window, force back door, via garage

Front 27

Offender b&e

Back 27

Often choose targets close to own residence, over 1/2 of offenders worked with accomplices, usually not more than three, morelikely juveniles and females
-use of moderate amount of substance allows for anxiety management, increasing focus and resolve

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Motivations

Back 28

monetary gain
sense of accomplishment from skill building or social rewards within a subculture that values such skills

Front 29

Victims of b&e 3 pt

Back 29

-can be left violated and vulnerable
-childeren may feel unsafe, wondering if theif will return, or something more sinister invading space
-may be more pronounced when personal or private areas of the dwelling have been violated

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Walsh, 3 types of burglers based on modus operandi

Back 30

Feral threat: malicious vandalism and senseless destruction and desecration of the property; more common in juvenile offenders
Riddlesmith: any damage caused is a means to the end of demonstrating the intelligence and superiority of the offender relative to the victims and the authorities
Dominator: chooses to break into occupied homes in order to terrorize and dominate the occupants

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Theft
4pt

Back 31

Everyone commits theft who fraudulantly and without colur of right... dishonesty or unfairly
-did the individual have an honest belief they had a right to take it
-differentiated over and under 5000
-motor vehicle preference for certain imports increase in theft of suv's and minivans

Front 32

Fraud

Back 32

Use of false pretense or forgery for the purpose of obtaining illegal financial gain.

Front 33

Identity fraud 3 pt

Back 33

Identity thepft: misappropriation of another person's personal identification informaiton, and subsequent use of this information to take over existing finantial processes, or to iniciate new ones
-may easily be done by scanning opituaries, then apply for sin,
-can present tremedous difucluties for victims in terms of credit ratings and finantial reuptations as well as administrative concerns

Front 34

Shoplifting 7pt

Back 34

Variety of offenders with different motives and backgrounds
-difficult to determine crime extent because of descresion used by victims in reporting
-security may profile offenders which guides who they watch closely and biases the types of offenders who are apprehended
-women initially offended more, but men have narrowed gap
-large number of juveniles tend to shoplift in groups
-decreased recidivision over crime
-boosters(pros) snitches (amatuers)

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five types of shoplifters (moore)

Back 35

Semi-professional - 12% theft once weekly but annual worth of items over 200$ more denial of inappropriatness of behavior, premeditated and habitual
amature- 56% theft of personal items based on opportunity, knows morally wrong, premeditated and somewhat habitual
episodic- 2% may be related to mental or emotional problems with compulsive quality (ocd, psychosis)
Occasional 15% less impulsive and may be driven by sensation seeking; appropriate affective reatction to detection, low recidivism

Front 36

Bank Robbery 3 pt

Back 36

-low risk of encountering resistance
-high clearence rate
-amatures and professionals

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Commercial robbery 2 pt

Back 37

Fast food restraunts
convenience stores

Front 38

Street robbery 2 pt

Back 38

greatest proportion of robberies
-opportunity rather than planning

Front 39

Charectaristics of carjacking 3 pt

Back 39

-professional robbers
-control and handling of victims
-need for cash to support impulsive lifestyle

Front 40

White collar/ occupational crime 3 pt

Back 40

Any act punishable by law that is committed through opportuity created in the course of an occupation that is legal.
Current recording methods don't differentioate whether theft or fraud occurred in the course of eh offenders occupation
violations may be dealt with in civil proceedings or addressed by professional regulatory bodies

Front 41

Corporate Individual occupational crime

Back 41

Unsafe consumer products
neutralizedation strategies
individual occupational crime may also include abuse of sick leave, excessive or long breaks, slow or poor workmanship, falsifying timesheets, counterproductive behavior
-most prevalent in young single men
-higher in workplaces characterized by employee dissatisfaction