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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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retribution
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theory proposes that offenders should be punished because they deserve to suffer for the harm they have caused and taht their punishment should be proportional to that harm and to their own blameworthiness
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seriousness of crime
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seriousness= hamrfulness + blameworthiness
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determinate sentencing
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use fixed temss of imprisonment,l which can sometimes be reduced by credit for good behavior while incarcerated
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truth-in-sentencing
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offenders to sercve a certain percentage (usuallt 85) of their sentence in prison
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sentencing guidelines
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define a range of penalities for offenders of a given degree ofharmfulness committed by offender of a specific degree of blameworthiness- usually measured by their prior record
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federal sentencing guidelines
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crimes classifiede into forty-three offense levels each of which has a range of prison sentences in terms of months
federal judges then place offender in one of six criminal history categories based on points assigned for prior sentences next judges consult grid |
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rehabilitation
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any planned intervention focused on the offender that reduces criminal actigvity.
personality, ability, attitudes, values OR behavior |
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cognitive-behavior program
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seek to change what and how offenders think in order to alter their behavioral choices, especially their decision to commit crime
group councling family intervention edcuation and work programs behavior modification mitieu theorpy- introduces the idea of rehab into all age groups, including relationship between inmates and staff |
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reintegrating offender into society
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seen as enemies,
obligation acceptance |
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restorative justice
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repair the damage cuased by criminals an dreintegrate both offenders an dvictims into the coummunity
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conserative approach
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seeks to preserve the status quo from criminals, who are seen as challengers to the social order
conventional crime is attributed to the lower and working classes, who are theought to be improperly socialized or irrersponsible |
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conservative approach cont.
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"family values" but their proposals for reducing crime stress deterrence, incapacitation, and just deserts. call for larger and more efficient police force, higher convictins in court, less probation, more capital punnishment
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liberal approach
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holds that crime can be reduced by politics that attack its underlying causes.
beleive society can be reformed in ways that will reduce crime, but they reject the idea that a full-scale revolution is requireed proplse that educational and vocational training, welfare assistance, job opportunities, antidiscrimination laws, and community organization can reduce crime usually believe that theprimary functio of criminal penalities shoud be rehab |
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radical approach
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crime by both the underprivileged and the privileged and attributes crime by both to the conditions of a capitalist society
"crime problem" is reguarded as a socially defined product of selective crime recording, media attention, and differental treatment by c.j. system conventional criminals are seen as victims of a sapialisy system rather that as offenders against society |
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decriminalizing drugs
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addicts should be offered treatment rather that prosecution
criminalization of drugs has not stopped drug use prosecute drug offences could better be used to deal with more serious crimes leads to secondary crime |
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situational crime prevention
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involves opportunity-reducing measures
directed at highly specific forms of crime that involve the management, design, or manipulation of the inmediate enviromnent in a systematic and permanent a way as possible so as to increawse the effort and risks of crime and reduce the rewards as perceived by a wide range of offenders |
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techniques to increase offenders efforts
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target hardening.. locks on steering columns..
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tecnhiques that increase offenders risk
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entry and exit screening.. border searcher, merchandise tags
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techniques that reduce the offenders rewards
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target removal- removable car radios, and reduce use of cash..
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informal social control
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crime might be reduced by increasing informal social control over criminal behavior
emanating form mechanical solidarity, reaction to individuals or small groups. people must be involved... hotline, urban angles |
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collective conscience
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in order to understand the concept of collective conscience one first must understand the concepts of mechanical and organic solidarity
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4 major phases
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arrest, arrainment, trial/hearing, sentencing
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3 main objectves.. Glaser
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revenge, restraint and reform. the coordinated objective of the 3 components is deterrence, incapacation, retribution and punnishment
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positivist
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something wrong with the person. harsh punishment wouldn't be an order
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marxist
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would try to change system so frimes wouldn't occur
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punnishment
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any particular disposition or range of permissible dispositions that the law authorizes in cases of persons who have been judged through the distinctive process of the crimal law to be guilty of a crime
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functional approach- punnishment
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punnishment is essentilaly an instrument of public justice and should be imposed upon those individuals who have breached traditional laws
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structural functionalist- punnishment
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is justified and should act as a meaningful force to bring individual conformity an dnon-conformity
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symbolic interaction- punnishment
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punnishment is justified and is utilitarian in two ways..
allows society to rally anround its moral values an dit vitalized its sence of solidarity when male factors are punnished, society goes on a moreal ofgy, and the recovery from which restores a sence of social equilibrium |
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4 charactistics of any punnishmet that is implimented after a criminal act takes place
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uniforminty, severity, certainty, celerity
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celerity
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swiftness of punnishment that is implimented after a criminal act takes place
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uniformity-
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all punnishment is administered in the same way to all individuals
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severity
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degree of punnishment inpoimented should be commensurate with tehcriminal committed
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certainty
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for any offence taht is committed, punishment should be implimented absolutly
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retribution
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over course of time
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stolkholm syndromd
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individuals who have been kidnapped, pow, inmantes in jail, battered wives... after period of psychological brainwashing capative person begins to identify with the captor.
mechanism |
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conservatives
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see crime as problem and encourage fonformity to standards set by legitimate authority
improvement of family life with better disipline and no moral self no rehab, stress punnishment |
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liberal
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crime reduced by policies that attach underlying cuases
individuals product of social system inadequates of infome an dpower solutions are: education and vocational training, welfare, jobs if you educati people they will be less discriminated against and reduces poverty |
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punnishment -liberal-
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isn't in vocab of the liberals, suggest taht rehab, not punitive sanctions should be primary function of the c.j.s.
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radical
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center on crimes committed by under privilaged
visualized crime problem from capital system white colar and political corruption disparing in sentencing among s.j.s. solutions:new alternative social system based upon communism of socialism, as the direct result of wholesale social revolution |
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solving crime from variety of perspectives
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many critics claim that current laws have overstepped their intentions. suggest that victimless crimes such as prostitution, drugs should be decriminalized
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