Crime 3

Front 1

precipitation or provocation

Back 1

victim does or says comething that causes an offender to violate law

Front 2

instigation or pepetration

Back 2

victim actively encourages a crime or takes criminal action against another person

Front 3

facilitation

Back 3

victim places themself at rise by delibedration, recklessness, or negligence

Front 4

vulnerability or invitation

Back 4

some people are unusually susceptable because of personal attributes, social status, or entry into a risk-filled situation

Front 5

cooperation

Back 5

is a party to a consensual crime such as gambling, prostitute

Front 6

attractiveness

Back 6

affluence will often attract offenders

Front 7

impunity

Back 7

offenders can expect that the victim will not report the crim to the police because the victim is also breaking the law

Front 8

victim precipitation

Back 8

person who suffers eventually harm from a crime plays a direct role in causing the crime to be perpetrated.

Front 9

3 factor often present when crime is commited, but do not actually cause crime

Back 9

drugs, firearms, alcohol. they are FACILITATING FACTORS- they increase the chanse that a situation will lead to criminal violence or theaft

Front 10

theoretical perspectives on crime and the criminal law

Back 10

the law develops to benefit some groups to the detriemnt of others. consensus theorists reguard the law as a reflection of popular agreement on standards of behavior

Front 11

conflict theory

Back 11

law- distribution of power and economic resources.
crim. law reflects the will of the powerful and well to do and behavior that threatens the interests of the elite will be harshly sanctioned.

Front 12

marxists or radical criminology

Back 12

focuses on social class, defined by the relationship of a group to the means of the production.
relationshjip between capitalism and crime

Front 13

consensus perspective

Back 13

why some people violate the law, rather than why the law defines their behavior as criminal

Front 14

social construction of crime

Back 14

the way that crime is interpreted by groups with different interests they seek to promote by useing thier resources to gain ownership of an issue.

Front 15

cohort

Back 15

introduces a time dimension follows a carefully defined group of people who are in a common situation over a period of time.

Front 16

experiments

Back 16

stimulus (punnishment or intervention) can either go to improvement (no more crime) or crime intensifies or continues (recidivism)

Front 17

lombroso

Back 17

"father of criminology" able to direct the study of crime away from questions of free will and personal responsibility to a more scientific basis..

Front 18

FBI index part 1 crimes are

Back 18

reguarded by public as very serious,
relatively frequent in occurance
often come to attention of police

Front 19

prevalence

Back 19

proportion of a population that commits crime at a given time. mearured by dividing the nuimber of offenders by size of population

Front 20

incidence

Back 20

frequency with which offenders commit crime, or avg. numbre of offenses per offenders. measured by divinding number of offenses by the number of offenses.

Front 21

subterraneon value approach

Back 21

dominant value system. ex. asu student may hold many of the dominant values of csociety., but psycology of the group takes over, spring break

Front 22

techniques of neutrolization

Back 22

all socially accepted norms expect appropriate behavior by members of society and these norms have flexability and act as "qualified guieds for action". crime is bad for society but can be tolerated if it can be justified.

Front 23

main functions of laws in any society

Back 23

social control, dispute resolution, social change (social engeneering), socila integration of its members, social solidarity, protection

Front 24

sex differences

Back 24

rather than genetic factors, which do not correlate will with gender differences, criminal behavior may well be due more to social and or cultural influences or variables

Front 25

fishbein

Back 25

violent behavior seems to be associated with defeacts in the neurotransmitter, serotonin, dopeamine and noreaprinefferine

Front 26

relative deprivation

Back 26

direct correlation between employment, unemployemnt and property types of crimes. may be direct of result beteween their expectations and cabibilities

Front 27

anomie, strain, and crime

Back 27

merton- crime is rooted in the economic social system- when there is disjunction between goals and the approved means to achieve these goals, a condition may arise which is termend anomie or normalness

Front 28

anomie, strain, and crime cont...

Back 28

a particular aspect of society was "functional" if it had positive consequences, it contributed to social stability. crime as a negative action in society may have positive effects by the reinforcement of socitites norms and values

Front 29

strain

Back 29

occurs when an individual experiences a frustration and sence of injustice that resultes from experiencing socially constructed incapacities as low capacities. LOOK AT GRAPH

Front 30

social control theory notebook

Back 30

people that engate in deliquency are free of intimate attachemnt, aspirations, moral beliefs, that bind them to a conventional law abiding way of life. deviant behavior is
naturally attractive
situationally induced
rationally chosen

Front 31

criticisms of social control theory notebood

Back 31

doesn't identify motivations of breking law
doen't look at changes in social interaction over time
doesn't analyze life events that could impact on the individual
doens't examine relative interactions between various institutions. ex famile...

Front 32

containment theory notebook

Back 32

a favorable perception of ones self in relation to others
an awareness of being a goal orientated person
high level of frustration

Front 33

subculture of violence therouy

Back 33

wolfganga and ferracuti- norms shared by a group of people sometimes define violence as an appropriate response to certain circumstances. these norms have a reality of their own an dinfluence behariork, sometimes leading people to be violent

Front 34

subculture

Back 34

patterned say of life similar in some ways to but different in others from teh dominant culture of a society.

Front 35

reasons for crime to lower

Back 35

more police effectiveness, growth in number of offenders in prison ,wanint of the cack epidemic, involvement of crime prevention, booming economy with lots of jobs, drop in the proportion of the pop in the crime prone age group

Front 36

hate crimes

Back 36

bias crime as a "criminal offense committed against a person, property, or society which is motivated, in whole or in part, by the offenders bias against a race, religion, disability ,sexual orientation , or ethnicity/national origion"