Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
1960s era?
|
warren, due process era, defendants win
|
|
|
1970s era?
|
berger, crime control emphasis era, prosecution wins
|
|
|
current supreme court chief justice
|
John Roberts
|
|
|
current justice distribution:
|
4 conservative, 4 liberal, 1 swing (kennedy)
|
|
|
8 great FBI offenses?
|
4 property, 4 violent
1. homicide 2. rape 3. aggravated battery/assault 4. robbery 5. burglary/B&E 6. auto theft 7. larceny theft 8. arson all felonies except larceny (misdemeanor) |
|
|
4 forms of illegal homicide
|
Murder I
Murder II Voluntary Manslaughter Involuntary manslaughter |
|
|
Murder in the 1st degree
|
premeditation, willfulness (intent to kill), deliberation
|
|
|
Murder in 2nd degree
|
non-willing or non-premeditated
|
|
|
Voluntary Manslaughter
|
negates deliberation, seeing red, passion or provoked killing
|
|
|
Involuntary Manslaughter
|
negligent killing
|
|
|
Rape
|
most states have 2 deg. some have 3. must be at least 12 yoa, under 16 and more than 4 yrs age difference is statutory
|
|
|
1st degree rape
|
aggravated rape: statutory, weapon, harm, or aid and abet
|
|
|
2nd degree rape
|
rape without factors that raise it to first degree
|
|
|
simple assault
|
intent to assault, causing imminent fear (not usually tried in court)
|
|
|
simple battery
|
assault without imminent fear, not usually tried in court
|
|
|
aggravated assault
|
3 factors used to elevate from simple assault: assault with deadly weapon, excessive harm, intention to afflict excessive harm
|
|
|
robbery
|
felony because it is a violent form of larceny with resistance, force or threat
|
|
|
larceny
|
petty= less than $1000
larceny is a misdemeanor |
|
|
arson
|
2 types: attempted and successful
|
|
|
breaking and entering
|
office/not home
|
|
|
burglary
|
breaking into a dwelling where people could be home
|
|
|
victimless crime
|
vice that has been criminalized (prostitution, marijuana, minor drug possession, public intoxication, DUI) where no one claims to be a victim
|
|
|
white collar crime
|
occupationally related crime (embezzlement, insider trading)
|
|
|
embezzlement
|
stealing what is entrusted to you (not taking from someone)
|
|
|
organized crime
|
more than 2 people responsible for different parts of the organization, providing illegal goods/services
|
|
|
UCR
|
uniform crime reports, predicts rate and trends rather than volume of crime. arrest only, doesn't count crimes known to the police that were not arrested. official from gov't
|
|
|
NCVS
|
National Crime Victimization Survey - 1972, multi-stage cluster sampling design, official from gov't
|
|
|
S-R
|
Self report indicator, not official
|
|
|
Problems with statistics
|
reflect police activity rather than crime, 35-40% reported, 60-65% non reported, sources of error stable year to year, doesn't count unknown (un arrested) crimes
|
|
|
reasons for problems in crime reports
|
1. victim under report (rape, petty larceny) lose 60%
2. police under-report, lose 10% 3. no fed. crimes in UCR, lose 1% 4. police discretion 5. deployment and administration 6. only the worst crime is reported in complex event |
|
|
out of 29 crimes on the UCR which has a typical age range of 30+ years?
|
only one, gambling
|
|
|
4 major demographic characteristics for crime reports
|
1. age
2. gender 3. race/ethnicity 4. income level/social class |
|
|
why did crime increase 100% in the 60s?
|
baby boomers were all teenagers
|
|
|
what is the only woman-dominated crime?
|
prostitution (65% women), all other crimes are male dominated due to physical size
|
|
|
crime percentages by race
|
blacks: 25% overall, 33% index, 45% violent, 53% homicide
|
|
|
McNaughton test for insanity
|
has to be unaware that the crime is wrong or is occurring, test of criminal responsibility (right or wrong)
|
|
|
due process model
|
makes sure trials are fair
|
|
|
crime control model
|
lookup
|
