Crim Chapter 3

Front 1

Critique of Neutralization

Back 1

Assumes delinqs feel guilty, some rationalize after and not before
doesnt help us understand chronic offenders
moral development may differ by gender

Front 2

Self Control

Back 2

Hirschi and Gott
All crime stems from lack of self-cont. Such pple act impulsively, value risk and advent.
Low self cont comes from bad child rearing.

Front 3

Neutralization

Back 3

Sykes and Matza
delinqs neutralize guilt BEFORE committing crime
5=Denial of responsibility, injury, victim, condemners, and appeal to higher loyalties

Front 4

Social Control Theory

Back 4

Travis Hirschi
Asks why we DONT commit crime.
bonds to conventional social institutions: family, schools, relig may keep us frm deviance.
Attachment, Commitment, Involvement, Belief

Front 5

Critique of Containment

Back 5

Chicken and Egg e.g. -self concepts could be result of being labeled delinq and not other way around.

Front 6

What are the 4 ties to society under Soc. Control Thry?

Back 6

Attachment-degree to which we care about opnions of teachers, parents, etc (more we care for their views, less likely to violate norms and hurt them)
Commitment-amt of imptance on conventions eg good education
Invlvement-amt of time spent on conventions (more time doing legit things, less time on deviance)
Belief-acceptance of norms
All 4 related

Front 7

What question do control theorists ask that others do not?

Back 7

Why DONT pple commit crime

Front 8

Critique of Soc. Control Theory?

Back 8

Corelation on bonding low
Chicken-egg
more related to minor delinq than serious delinq

Front 9

Differential Identification Theory

Back 9

Daniel Glaser
Reference groups of pple we admire and want to copy.
Dont have to know to identify with them.
If ref grps are deviant, more likely to be deviant as well.

Front 10

Control Balance Theory

Back 10

Charles Tittle
Pple with too much or too little control commit crime.
Execs have too much control and commit crime. Urban poor have too little.
Thus a society with great inequality should experience more crime.

Front 11

Critique of Differential Association

Back 11

Which comes first, crim behavior or assoc with crims?
Not all crims inflnc'd by "intimate personal grps" eg rapists and murders
Sutherland says mass media has little effect but didnt anticipate tvs effect
Hard to test
Didnt consider whether would work the same for females

Front 12

Critque of Self Control

Back 12

Circular reasoning, assumes all crime is spontaneous and unskilled=too simplistic

Front 13

Two kinds of controls (in control theories)

Back 13

Personal Controls: individ conscience, commitment to law, +self concept
Social Controls:family, schools religion

Front 14

Imitation Theory

Back 14

Gabriel Tarde
Influenced Sutherland
Crims imitate each other in proportion to the amt of close contact they have.

Front 15

Differential Association

Back 15

Edwin Sutherland
Crim behavior is learned
occurs w/in intimate groups
learn how to commit crime and justify crime
Pple will break the law if they develop more lawbreaking attitudes than law-abiding attitudes.
(Most notable historically in the sociological study of crime)
varies in frequency, duration, priority, and intensity

Front 16

Social Learning Theory

Back 16

Albert Bandura
On Agression
Argued aggressive tendencies learned from friends, parents and tv.
Learning can occur with or w/out rewards.

Front 17

Drift Theory

Back 17

Matza
Delinqs drift in and out of crime.
Subterranean values=agression, excitement, desire for wealth

Front 18

Differential Reinforcement

Back 18

Burgess and Akers
Crim behav and attitudes are more likely to be learned when reinforced or rewarded by friends/family.
Echoes classical view bc calculation of potential rewards and potenial risks.
Can be learned from authority like police and teachers bc can teach reward and punishment

Front 19

Containment Theory

Back 19

Walter Reckless
Inner containments: + self concept, tolerance for frustration, ability to set realistic goals
Inner and outer containments necessary to keep inner and external pushes and pressures from making us deviant.