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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is criminology? |
The scientific study of crime and criminal Behavior |
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What is criminal justice? |
The study of social control and the agencies that are involved in the apprehension, prosecution, defense, sentencing, incarceration, and supervision of those suspected, charged, or convicted of criminal offenses |
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What is the criminal justice system |
All the agencies, organization, and Personnel Involved in the prevention and response to, crime And to persons charged with criminal offenses and persons convicted of crimes |
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What are the 2 models of Criminal Justice of administration? |
Crime Control Model Due process Model |
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What is the crime control model of Criminal Justice? |
Protection of the community and the apprehension of offenders is Paramount Conservative values Strong Assumption of guilt |
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What is the due process model of Criminal Justice? |
Legal rights of individual citizens, including accused individuals, is Paramount Procedural fairness Liberal values Presumption of innocence |
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What are influences of the Criminal Justice System? |
Diversity Religious beliefs Interest group / moral entrepreneurs Fiscal pressure The task environment Cultural value Research Ideology Media Politics Legislation |
DRIFT CRIMP L |
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What is a task environment? |
The cultural, Geographic, and the community setting where are the criminal justice system operates and Justice Personnel make decisions |
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What does a task environment influence? |
Type of crimes and social disorders
Decision-making options that are available
Community expectations regarding enforcement
Community capacity to address local issues Effectiveness of Justice policies and programs
Potential for developing community-based programs and services |
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What is the adversarial system? |
A system of justice based on the two parties arguing that guilty or innocence of a person before a judge or jury |
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What are concerns with the adversarial system? |
The quality of legal rep for many defendants The ability of the CJS to solve problems rather than merely react It encourages the parties to present a distorted version of events |
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What are the basic principles of the adversarial system of Criminal Justice? |
Presumption of innocence
Crown bears the burden of proof
Under 12 can't be held responsible or prosecuted for criminal acts
Severe mentally disordered can't be held responsible and liable to punishment
Attempts of a crime generally get half the penalty |
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What is Beyond a Reasonable Doubt? |
The standard to convict the defendant in a criminal case |
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What is discretion? |
The freedom to choose different options when you have to make a decision |
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What are concerns when exercising discretion within the criminal justice system? |
Lead to inconsistencies application of law
Many factors influence criminal justice Personnel
Different justice system personnel would often make different decisions |
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What are ethics? |
The foundation of knowledge that describes right / wrong or better / worse Applies to harm / care and fairness / reciprocity |
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In the criminal justice system, what are ethical issues? |
Broad Social questions
Often concerning the government's social control mechanisms and the impact on those governing |
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The criminal justice system, what is an ethical dilemma? |
Situations where criminal justice personnel must decide what to do |
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What conditions must be present for a cjs to be an effective deterrent? |
Aware that legal sanctions will be applied if engaged in certain behaviors Certainty of punishment The sanctions must be applied swiftly |
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What are key Concepts in criminal justice? |
Legitimacy Accountability and oversight Evidence-based policies and programs |
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What is Duty to act fairly? |
The obligation of Corrections to ensure that offenders are treated fairly by correction personnel |
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How can police officers be held accountable? |
Internal and external accountability Civilian oversight Subject to criminal charges Civil suits |
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How can Crown Council be held accountable? |
Subject to internal review No independent oversight Generally immune from prosecution and being required to testify in court |
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How can defense lawyers be held accountable? |
Subject to review and sanctions by professional Associates No independent oversight |
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How can judges be held accountable? |
Provincial and territorial judges subject to internal review Federal judges subject to review, sanctioning, or dismissal by the Canadian judicial Council No external independent oversight for any judges |
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How can probation officers, parole board members, parole officers be held accountable? |
Subject to internal review
Generally immune from prosecution
No external independent oversight |
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What is evidence-based practice? |
Policies, strategies, and programs that have been shown by evaluating research to be effective in achieving specified objectives |
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What are Trends in the Canadian criminal justice system? |
-High cost -Centralization of authority -Conservative penal populism and punitive panalog - Changing boundaries of Criminal Justice agencies - Increase use of surveillance - Downloading of responsibility onto the criminal justice system - Challenges of diversity |
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What is penal populism? |
Corrections policies that are formulated in pursuit of political objectives, Often in the absence of an informed public or in spite of public opinion |
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What is downloading onto the justice system? |
Police are being required to fill gaps in services that are mandated responsibilities of other agencies and organizations |
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