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5 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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symbolic interactionism |
Herbert Mead how human behaviour is an outcome of both social conditions (poverty, wealth) and the ways individuals respond to, interpret and intereact with those conditions 1. humans act towards things on the basis of the meanings that the things have for them 2. the meaning of such things is derived from the social interaction one has with other people 3. meanings are handled in and modified through an interpretative process human behaviour as the outcome of social circumstances as well as how those circumstances were understood |
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differential association (interactionist) |
Edwin Sutherland 1. Criminal behaviour is learned - process of learning - learning takes place in intimate social groups 2. Criminal behaviour is learned in interaction with other people in a process of communication - develops over time with interaction with other criminals 3. Principal part of learning of criminal behaviour occurs within intimate personal groups 4. When crim behaviour is learned, it includes a. techniques of committing the crime b. specific direction of motives, drives, rationalisations and attitudes - person must learn techniques and also feel positively about it 5. direction of motives (good or bad) is learned from definitions of the legal codes as favourable or unfavourable 6. person becomes a delinquent because of an excess of definitions favourable to violation of law over definitions unfavourable to violation of law 7. differential associations vary in frequency, duration, priority and intensity 8. process of learning criminal behaviour by association with criminals, involves all mechanisms that are involved in any other learning 9. criminal behaviour is not explained by needs and values |
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social learning theory (interactionist) |
Burgess and Arker if crime is result of interacting with criminals, how do you explain police? percieved positive reinforcements for imitating modelled criminal patterns |
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labelling (interactionist) |
Frank Tannenbaum Howard Becker crime and criminality are outcome of negative social reactions to behaviour defined as criminal primary and secondary deviance primary = first instance - more sporadic and unstable - casual offending people labelled as deviants is identifies as deviant |
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neutralisation |
Gresham Sykes David Matza people are temporarily relapsed from society's normative hold techniques of neutralisation - denial of reponsibility - denial of injury - denial of victims - condemnation of condemners - appeal to higher loyalties |
