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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Emile Durkheim |
19th Century France - mechanical society and organic society Anomie = breakdown of of social norms and a condition in which those norms no longer control the activity of social members |
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social disorganistion |
- neighbourhoods having crime migration periods of change |
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Robert Merton |
several modes of adaptation in society conformity - accepting cultural goals and means (most common response) ritualism - accepting means but rejecting means (not considered deviant) retreatism - rejection of cultural goals and means rebellion - rejecting goals and means and substituting them with new ones innovation - goals remain important, but rules and means of obtaining them do not (most important in terms of crime |
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social structural strain |
criminality arises because all members of society were led to believe that there was equal opportunity lower classes achieving American dream through illegitimate/criminal opportunity structures |
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social control theories |
Travis Hirsch - restraining or controlling forces are imposed on people - these forces break down, resulting in criminal behaviours - people commit crimes because of weakness of forces telling them not to do it, rather than strength of forces telling them to do it social bond attachment - affection and sensitivity to others (basic element of norms and values) commitment - to long-term goals of society (education, occupation etc) belief - extent to which people believe they should obery rules of society involvement - in conventional activitings weaker these bonds are, the more likely person is to offend |
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functionalism consensus theory |
each aspect of society works to support and maintain the operation of the social system all members have shared values and interests |
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pluralism conflict theory |
society is composed of many groups who are struggling to see their interests maintained in relation to number of issues |
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class conflict theory |
crime arose out of dehumanising affect of capitalism most people are deprived with little control over their economic status poor might commit crimes to address their poverty economic system weakens social bonds |
