Crim 5

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It refers to an anti-social acts or behaviors committed by minors which are contrary to the norms of the society. It involves oftentimes misdemeanors, but may include also offenses and felonies

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Juvenile Delinquency

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Juvenile delinquent, youthful offender or other terms is considered as labeling the child or shaming them which is already punishable under the law

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Child-in-Conflict with the Law (CHILD AT RISK)-

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The type of justice system concerned with processing a child who exhibits the anti-social acts or behavior contrary to the norms of the society

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Juvenile Justice System

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Crime is an act committed by an

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adult

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Delinquency are acts committed

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by minors

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It is an act that breaks the criminal code which is created by the society through written law. A person who committed crime can be dealt in accordance with the criminal justice system

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Crime

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merely breaks 'cultural law' or norms. A child is dealt with the process known as juvenile justice system.

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Delinquency

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Oldest known code for thousand years ago dating from 2270 B.C used by society to regulate behavior and at the same time punish those who disobeyed the rules

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Code of Hammurabi

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Approximately two thousand years ago, made distinction between juveniles and adults based on the notion Age of Responsibility

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Roman Law and Canon (Church) Law

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It established a social order based on individual rights. It is the origin of the legal principle of "Lex Talionis" or "Lex Taliones", that is, an "Eye for an Eye".

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Code of Hammurabi

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The Talmud specified condition under which immaturity was to be considered in imposing punishment. There was no corporal punishment prior to puberty, which was considered to be the age of twelve for females and thirteen for males. In addition, no capital punishment is to be imposed on those offenders under twenty years of age

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Ancient Jewish Law

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During this time, in 1641, General Court of Massachusetts passed the _____, which stated that children who disobeyed their parents could be put to death.

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Stubborn Child Law

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Under this law, children came to be classified as "Infans, or "Proximus Infantiae. In general. infans (7 years old below) were not held criminally responsible, but those approaching puberty (above 7 to 14 for boys and above 7-12 for girls) liability was based on their capacity to understand the difference between right and wrong

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Codification of Roman Law

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- offenders in England at thistime are most significant. were not subject to criminal sanctions

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Anglo Saxon Common law

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- Child saving movement

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Middle of 19th century

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- the state becomes the father

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Parents Patriae

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-involuntary separation ofChildren from their impoverished parents

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Poor Law Act of 1401

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9 yrs old can already be in incarcerated or imprisoned inside the jail-.

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Revised Penal Code

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The Child and Youth Welfare Code -over 9 but under 21 yrs old who committed a crime is known as a youthful offender.

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PD 603

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- over 9 but under 18 yrs old at the time of the commission of the offense (criminal liability)

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PD 1179

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-15 below exempted from criminal liability, Above 15 but below 18 exempted w/ discernent ·Child under this law is called (cicl)

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RA 9344

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- established the Hospital of St. Michael's

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Pope Clement XI

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-established first private institution.

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Robert Young

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-first man who attempted to find out the process of beginning of delinquent

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Albert K Cohen

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-established for the confinement

unruly children

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kingwood Reformatory

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- term Juvenile Delinquency

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New York Committee on pauperism

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- first Juvenile or family court

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1899 Cook County Illionis

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of vocalized juvenile justice.

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1899-1947

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-house many people with many different problems

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Almshouses

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removing children & placing them w/ other families.

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In loco Parentis

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- count punished and confined

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House of Refuge

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- young people who brought before the juvenile courts

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Incarceration Facilities

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time inching lesser standards rock as a preponderance of the evidence.

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In re: Winship

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Double Jeopardys

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Breed v. Jones

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proceducal requirements for waiver to criminal court.

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kent v. United States

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basic procedural protection d judges acting as nutiture parents

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In re Gault

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- decriminalization ofutatus offences-acts that committed by a child win not constitute a , but it committed by adult it constitute a crime.

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American Bar Association

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who might be dangerous to vociety Precipitating Factor - every day adjustments of anor to themcelves

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Shall v. Martin

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- aggressive youth who resents authority.

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Social

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- who has internalized his conflicts.

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Neurotic

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- youth feel no remorse

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Asocial

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-less identifiable in his character.

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Accidental

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participate in group

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Occasional Delinquents

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-share a number of values & attitude.

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subculture

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- who commit the most serious infractions

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Gang delinquents

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- having weak ego

-the asocial experienced early & severe parental rejection.

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Maladjusted delinquents

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- no parents to imitate &become aggression.

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Unsocialized Aggression

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-groups that advocate bad things

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Socialize Delinquency

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- group recretly trained to do atues illegal activities.

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Over - Inhibited

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-petty larceny (8 &12 yrs)

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Emergence

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- shoplifting & vandalism

(12 to 14)

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Exploration

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-substanial increase in variety of seriousness (13 up)

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Explosion

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- more violent forms of criminal behavior

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Outburst

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- more types of crimes added (15 up)

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conflagration

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- early age w/ stubborn behavior

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Authority Conflict Pathway

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more serious form of criminality

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Covert Pathway

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- Physical fighting & then to violent

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Overt Pathway

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- hereditary detective.

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Biogenic Approach

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-critical cawal factors

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Psychogenic Approach

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-influence social structures.

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Sociogenic Approach

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-Inclinations or inherited propensities

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Predisposing Factor

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-everyday adjustments of anindividual.

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Precipitating Factor

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inability to delay gratifaction. aggresion, empathy & restlessness

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Individual Risk factors

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- Delinquency is rational (levere I certain)

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Choice Theory

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- view aggression as we learned behavior.

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Trait theory under Biosocial view

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view abnormal or antisocial personalities

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Trait Theory under Psychological

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- before birth through the 4th month of gestation or poor breathing to revererespiratory distress syndrome.

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Prenatal Perinatal Factors

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- helping, sharing & cooperation

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Pro -Social behavior

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oppositional & aggressive behavior

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Antisocial behavior

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-lying, bullying, cruelty to animals.

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Conduct Disorder

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- associated with girls

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Major Depressive Disorder

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- basic institution in our covety

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Family

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-responsibility for child bearing to parents

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Family Influences

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poor parental management and disciplinary practices

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Family Interaction

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The Unnecessary father

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distinctive social role for men.

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Traditional patriarchal father

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The old father

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-father as nurturing individual

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The New father

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this is bad guy.

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The Deadbeat Dad

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minimalist role, one act dad

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the sperm father

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-effectively invisible

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The visiting Father

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- not perfect but enough tobe irreplaceable.

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The Good family Man

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- reperation of parents leaving theirchildren behind.

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Broken home

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-products of divorced

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Single Parent family

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- W/out parent, dependent to thepublic for rupport

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Dependent Child

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no proper parental care- atleast 6 continuous months

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Abandoned Child-

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-unattended & inadequately attended

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Neglected child

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-malnourished ill, lack of proper melter

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Physical Neglect

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maltreated, raped or reduce

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Emotional Neglect

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- Recovery & profoundly retarded IQ= 1-125

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Custodial Group

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- average child-primary grade level of education IQ= 25-50

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Trainable Group

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Ice grade of educational level

Q 50-75

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Educable Group

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regular class -IQ= 75-89

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Boarderline or Low Normal Group

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Physically handicapped

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-Crippled

-Defective

-Mute deaf

-Blind

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-unable to maintainnormal social relation with others .

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Emotionally -Disturbed Children

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- require professional health or hospitalization

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Mentally- III children

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-first highly formative years

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Environment

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- instrument for training young people.

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School And Delinquency

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- not promoting students to the next grade

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Grade Retention

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Suspension and expulsion are mainly directed toward older students whose school difficulties manifest themselves as behavioral problems

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School Suspension and Expulsion

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-stable than the ones to follow

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The Criminal Gang

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- aims to find reputation for toughness and destructive violence

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The Conflict /Violent Gang

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Equally unsuccessful, known as double failures, thus retreating into a world of sex, drugs,and alcohol

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The Retreatsist Gang

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The presence of illegal drug markets increase the likelihood for violence at the points where drugs are exchanged for money

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Drugs, youth and Delinquency

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- emphasis on morals & life's highest spiritual values.

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The Church

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- Best Institution for information. Juvemle bang mutual. Interest w/ identifiable leadership

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Mass Media

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Specific purpose which generally include the conduct of illegal activity and control over a particular territory

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Juvenile Gang

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- Clifford shaw and Herry Mckay- can't exert social control over acting out -youth.

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Social Disorganization theory

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Emile Durkheim- results of loss of standard& values

A - Absence nomos (law or Standards) -Anomie-(breakdown of norms)

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Anomie theory

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- Children are basically good.

- Internalized soviety goals, Robert Merton (Thare common goals)

Albert Cohen- (urban buy commit delingency)

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Strain Theory

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their legitimate path is blocked, they turn illegitimate means- in the form of delinquency

_Richard Cloward & Lloyd Dhlin

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Differential opportunity Theory

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- maltreatment of Children has been found to be highly correlated w/both serious.

_John D. Hewitt & Robert Regoli

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Differential Oppression theory

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- learned favorable to violating the Law

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Differential Association Theory

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- behavior modesed through observation

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Social learning theory

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- moral obligation to be bound by the law

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Drift Theory

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-Societal reaction to behavior

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Labelling theory

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- bonds w/ other members in society

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Social control Theory

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- kaplan states that all motivated to maximize our self-esteem.

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Self-Derogation Theory

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- inability to effectively control histher impulses.

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Self- control theory

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- inability to effectively control histher impulses.

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Self control theory

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- exposure to others & modelingof others action.

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Cultural beviance theory

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- result of highly calculation of risks and awards.

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Rational Choice Theory