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Induction

Using past experience to make future predictions.

Most men in ancient Athens had beards. Socrates was a man who lived in ancient Athens. Therefore, Socrates probably had a beard.

Abduction

Drawing a conclusion based on the explanation that best explains a state of events, rather than form evidence provided by the premises.

Anna told you she failed her physics mid-term. Anna hasn't been in physics class since your teacher graded exams. Anna has been in Sociology class, which meets right after physics. Anna dropped physics.

Interlocutors

People participating in a dialogue, debate, or conversation.

Counter-argument

An argument presented to oppose or refute another argument.

Socratic Method

Learning through a dialectic exchange of ideas, rather than a passive transmission of information.