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19 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
what makes up the ground substance of extracellular matrix?
glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), proteoglycans, glycoproteins
What are GAGs?
polymers of repeating disaccharides, they have a net negative charge that attract Na+ which holds water and helps regulate water and electrolyte balance in tissues.
What are proteoglycans?
they are the large bottlebrush-shaped molecules made up of many GAGs. they have a charge that attracts cations and water forming hydrated, gel-like molecules that resist compression. when embedded in plasma membranes they connect with glycoproteins on other cells to make a strong bond.
What is a type of embryonic Mucous Connective TIssue?
Wharton's jelly of the umbilical cord, it contains a loose network of irregularly arranged collagen fibers produced by fibroblasts derived from mesenchymal cells. Source of mesenchymal cells for organ growth.
what are the scattered cells of the loose connective tissue (areolar)?
fibroblasts, macrophages, and mast cells.
How can you view the elastic fibers in loos connective tissue?
silver staining
Dense regular connective tissue
densely packed parallel collagen fibers, fibroblasts are sandwiched between fibers, strong resilient tissue of tendons and ligament, directionality of the fibers directs force.
Dense irregular connective tissue
densely woven with little open space and few cells, resists shearing forces, forms the dermis of the skin and capsules around organs.
where do you find reticular tissue and how can you visualize it?
supports cells in the vascular organs like the liver lymph nodes, spleen, thymus and bone marrow. and you can only stain in silver.
what is ehlers-danlos syndrome?
unusually elastic skin which is actually due to defective collagen synthesis in connective tissues. this condition causes skin to be easily bruised, heal poorly, and joints that are unusually flexible.
What are some specialized connective tissue?
Adipose (unilocular, multilocular) hematopoietic
What are characteristics of unilocular adipose tissue?
signet rings because cells are so focused on storing fat they have pushed the nucleus to the side. found beneath skin and surrounding organs. used for energy storage, thermal insulation and for cushioning other tissues.
What are the characteristics of multilocular adipose tissue?
Only found in newborns. look brown because many capillaries and cytochromes. produce heat by breaking down stored fat and transfers that heat to the blood through abundant capillaries.
What are the formed elements of hematopoietic connective tissue? nonformed?
formed = erythrocytes, leukocytes, platelets
nonformed = plasma
what are the types of supporting connective tissue?
cartilage: hyaline, elastic, fibro
Bone: compact, spongy
what is perichondrium?
fibrous capsule that covers the cartilage to deliver nutrients and remove wastes
waht are the characteristics of hyaline cartilage?
covered in perichondrium; chondrocytes in small clusters and enclosed in lacunae, covers ends of most articulating bones, template for endochondral bone formation into long bones, clear glassy matrix of fine dispersed type II collagen fibers
what are the characteristics of ELastic cartilage?
type II collagen plus a weblike mesh of elastic fibers among the lacunae, provides flexible resilient support, found in external ear and epiglottis
What are the characteristics of Fibrocartilage?
Chondrocytes are in rows parallel coarser type I collagen fibers. resists compression and absorbs shock like pubic symphysis and intervertebral discs. no perichondrium.