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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Membranous component to neurocranium
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all the flat bones that formed directly from mesenchyme via intramembranous ossification
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what are the components to the neurocranium
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Membranous and cartilaginous
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craniosynostosis
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if the bones seal up too soon brain cannot grow mental retardation
if the sagittal suture closes 1st tall skull if the coronal & lambdoidal sutures close 1st short skull |
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Cartilaginous component to neurocranium
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only the base of the skull that formed from hyaline cartilage via endochondral ossification
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Which branchial arch is the viscerocranium derived from
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Branchial arch 1
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Anencephaly
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skull doesn’t close leaving brain out in the open
Fatal prognosis |
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chondroplasia
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dwarfism
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acromegaly
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gigantism
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scoliosis
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lateral S-shaped deviation of the spinal cord
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kyphosis
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hunch back
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Limb Bud induction
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mesenchyme induces the surface ectoderm to develop an Apical Ectodermal Ridge (AER)
AER reciprocates and induces the underlying mesenchyme to form various limb components such as muscle, bone, CT Looks like paddle Then undergoes apoptosis to create distinct fingers |
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amelia
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absence of a limb
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phocomelia
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missing the middle part of the limb
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meromeila
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missing the distal part of the limb
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polydacaly
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extra fingers are not really a problem
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syndactyly
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missing fingers
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Lobster-Claw
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only 1 site of mesenchymal breakdown
Leads to development of only 2 “digits” |
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What mesoderm does ribs develop from?
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Paraxial mesoderm
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What mesoderm do sternum develop from
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Somatic lateral plate mesoderm (like limbs)
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Dorsal epimere
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Smaller division of the myotome
Forms erector muscles of spine |
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Ventral hypomere
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Larger division of the myotome
Forms layers of muscles in the thorax and abdomen Gives rise to scalene and pre-vertebral muscles in cervical region Gives rise to all intercostal muscles in the thoracic region Gives rise to internal and external oblique muscles in the abdominal region |
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What two components of the notochord are in every vertebra?
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Nucleus pulposus - soft central gel
Annulus fibrosus - Outer fibrous ring |
