Cranial Nerves & Their Nuclei

Front 1

How many pairs of cranial nevers are there?

Back 1

12 pairs

Front 2

(Nerves or nuclei) ___________ are considered part of the peripheral nervous system, but (nerves or nuclei) ___________ lie in the central nervous system.

Back 2

Nerves, Nuclei

Front 3

True or false: Cranial nerves are to the brainstem what spinal nerves are to the spinal cord.

Back 3

True

Front 4

True or false: CNs innervate structures in the head and neck region, including CN X [vagus].

Back 4

False: Does NOT include CN X [vagus], innervates viscera)

Front 5

True or false: Most CN lesions produce contralateral signs and symptoms.

Back 5

False: ipsilateral sign and symptoms

Front 6

Most CNs emerge from the ______ at the level of the ___________.

Back 6

CNS, brainstem

Front 7

What two CNs enter at the forebrain?

Back 7

CN I and CN II

Front 8

Which CN emerges from the spinal cord?

Back 8

CN XI

Front 9

True or false: If CNs are mixed, nerves must have more than one nucleus of origin.

Back 9

True

Front 10

True or false: Only one nerve will originate from a single nucleus.

Back 10

False: Sometimes more than one nerve will originate from a single nucleus.

Front 11

What are CN tracts and nuclei categorized by?

Back 11

functional components

Front 12

What are functional components?

Back 12

The type of afferent or efferent fibers contained within the nerve.

Front 13

What are the 6 functional components of spinal nerves?

Back 13

1. Somatic sensory, 2. Visceral sensory, 3. Visceral motor, 4. Somatic motor, 5. Speical sensory, 6. Branchial motor neurons

Front 14

Which functional component is being desribed?
- It is afferent.
- It senses pain, temperature and mechanical stimuli from somatic structures.

Back 14

Somatic sensory

Front 15

Which functional component is this?
-During development, cell bodies located most posterior to sulcus limitans in alar plate posterior horn of gray matter.
A) Visceral sensory
B) Visceral motor
C) Somatic sensory
D)Somatic motor

Back 15

C) Somatic sensory

Front 16

Which functional component is being described?
- It is afferent.
- Its' receptive endings in the viscera (e.g., walls of blood vessles or teh digestive tract)

Back 16

Visceral sensory

Front 17

Visceral sensory is located just __________ to sulcus limitans in _____ plate and these becomes the _________ part of the posterior horn of gray matter.

Back 17

posterior, alar, anterior

Front 18

Which functional component is being described?
- It is efferent.
- It controls autonomic responses.
- It is just anterior to sulcus limitans in basal plate and these become the intermediate gray matter.

Back 18

Visceral motor

Front 19

Which functional component is being described?
- It is efferent.
- It controls the skeletal muscles.
- It is most anterior to sulcus limitans in basal plate and these become the anterior horn of gray matter.

Back 19

Somatic motor

Front 20

Which functional component is being described?
- It is afferent.
- It has special senses.

Back 20

Special sensory

Front 21

Which fibers carry information related to hearing and equilibrium in the brainstem?

Back 21

Special sensory

Front 22

Which functional component is being described?
- It is efferent.
- It innervates striated muscles of a special embryological origin called branchiomeric muscles.

Back 22

Branchial motor neurons

Front 23

What are branchiomeric muscles?

Back 23

Structures in and near the head and neck in humans; e.g., muscles of the larynx, pharynx, jaw & face.

Front 24

CNs are similar to spinal cord nevers because they arrange around the sulcus limitans, but they are different because the walls of the neural tube spread in the brain stem so that the ___________ fibers are more lateral and the _________ fibers are more medial.

Back 24

sensory fibers, motor fibers

Front 25

True or false: Portions of cell columns (nuclei of CN) migrate away from their expected locations.

Back 25

True

Front 26

How are CN categorized?

Back 26

By their functional component(s)

Front 27

True or false: Cranial nerves have all 6 functional components.

Back 27

False: No one CN has all 6 functional components, but most have more than 1.

Front 28

What are the 3 general categories used to organize the CNs?

Back 28

1. Somatic motor nerves, 2. Speical sensory nerves, 3. Branchiomeric nerves

Front 29

These nerves contain motor axons for ordinary skeletal muscles and little or nothing else; these are considered low motor neurons:
A) Somatic motor nerves
B) Special sensory nerves
C) Branchiomeric nerves

Back 29

A) Somatic motor nerves

Front 30

What CNs make up somatic motor nerves:
A) III, IV, VI and XII
B) I, II, and VII
C) V, VII, IX, X and XI

Back 30

A) III, IV, VI, and XII

Front 31

These nerves contain special sensory fibers and litte or nothing else:
A) Somatic motor nerves
B) Special sensory nerves
C) Branchiomeric nerves

Back 31

B) Special sensory nerves

Front 32

What CNs make up special sensory nerves:
A) III, IV, VI and XII
B) I, II, and VII
C) V, VII, IX, X and XI

Back 32

B) I, II, and VII

Front 33

These nerves are more complex nerves that typically contain several functional components; all innervate branchial arch musculature and most (except XI) also contain other functional components:
A) Somatic motor nerves
B) Special sensory nerves
C) Branchiomeric nerves

Back 33

C) Branchiomeric nerves

Front 34

What CNs make up branchiomeric nerves:
A) III, IV, VI and XII
B) I, II, and VII
C) V, VII, IX, X and XI

Back 34

C) V, VII, IX, X, and XI

Front 35

What are the CNs & their primary functional components?

Back 35

I- Olfactory- S, II- Optic- S, III- Oculomotor- M, IV- Trochlear- M, V- Trigeminal- B, VI- Abducens- M, VII- Facial- B, VIII- Vestibulocochlear- S, IX- Glossopharyngeal- B, X- Vagus- B, XI- Accessory- B, XII- Hypoglossal- M

Front 36

Name this CN:
-Somatic motor (though has small component of parasympathetic fibers)
- Nuclei: Midbrain at the level of the superior colliculi
-Muscles innervated: SR, IR, IO, MR, levator palpebrae superioris, pupillary contrictor muscles, ciliary muscles

Back 36

CN III: Oculomotor

Front 37

Name this CN:
-1 degree Fx: 4/6 extraocular muscles, lifts eyelid, constricts pupil and changes shapes or lens.

Back 37

CN III: Oculomotor

Front 38

What tests are done for CN III?

Back 38

Eyes movements and pupillary responses

Front 39

The following lesion symptoms are for what CN?
- lpsilateral lateral strabismus
- diplopia
- ptosis
- mydriasis

Back 39

CN III

Front 40

Lateral strabismus is:
A) double vision, difficulty moving eye up and down
B) deviation of eye out due to denervated medial rectus muscle
C) drooping of eyelid
D) dilated pupil, lens cannot be focused for near vision

Back 40

B

Front 41

Diplopia is:
A) double vision, difficulty moving eye up and down
B) deviation of eye out due to denervated medial rectus muscle
C) drooping of eyelid
D) dilated pupil, lens cannot be focused for near vision

Back 41

A

Front 42

Ptosis is:
A) double vision, difficulty moving eye up and down
B) deviation of eye out due to denervated medial rectus muscle
C) drooping of eyelid
D) dilated pupil, lens cannot be focused for near vision

Back 42

C

Front 43

Mydriasis is:
A) double vision, difficulty moving eye up and down
B) deviation of eye out due to denervated medial rectus muscle
C) drooping of eyelid
D) dilated pupil, lens cannot be focused for near vision

Back 43

D

Front 44

Name this CN:
- Somatic motor
-Nuclei: Midbrain at the elvel of the inferior colliculi
- 1 degree Fx: 1/6 extraocular muscles
- Muscles innervated: Superior oblique muscle which moves eye into intorsion (down and out)

Back 44

CN: IV Trochlear

Front 45

What test is done for CN IV?

Back 45

Test simultaneously with oculomotor nerve

Front 46

CN IV lesion symptoms are strabismus and diplopia. What is strabismus?

Back 46

(cant move eye down and out so difficulty with walking down steps or reading) leading to, diplopia and head tilt to correct.

Front 47

Name this CN:
- Branchiomeric
- Nuclei: Mid pons
- 1 degree Fx: Sensory: sensation of anterior 2/3s of head region (pain, temperature, proprioception & tactile). Motor- jaw muscles that control chewing (mastication)
- sensory path or muscle innervated: Sensory: three regions (ophthalmic=V1, maxiallry=V2, & mandibular=V3). Motor: jaw muscles

Back 47

CN V: Trigeminal

Front 48

What are the sensory tests for CN V?

Back 48

sensory testing of head region and corneal reflex testing

Front 49

What are the motor tests for CN V?

Back 49

jaw strength and observation for asymmetries

Front 50

What are the sensory lesion symptoms for CN V?

Back 50

Ipsilateral loss of sensation to head, face, and inner oral cavity and trigeminal neuralgia.

Front 51

What is trigeminal neuralgia?

Back 51

Sudden, excruciating pain in sensory regions of trigeminal nerve caused by compression of trigeminal nerve.

Front 52

What are the motor lesion symptoms for CN V?

Back 52

weakness in chewing and jaw deviation to the affected side.

Front 53

Name this CN:
- Somatic motor
- Nuclei: caudal pons
- 1 degree Fx: 1/6 extraocular muscles
- muscle innervated: lateral rectus muscle which moves eye out (abducts eye)

Back 53

CN VI: Abducens

Front 54

What is the test for CN VI?

Back 54

Test simultaneously with oculomotor nerve (look to the side)

Front 55

What are the lesion symptoms for CN VI?

Back 55

Medial strabismus (eye turns in) if damage to nerve and lateral gaze paralysis if damage is to nucleus.

Front 56

Name this CN:
- Branchiomeric
- Nuclei: Mid to caudal pons
- 1 degree Fx: Sensory: taste for anterior tongue. Motor: facial expression, eyelid closing & stapes of middle ear.
- Sensory path or muscle innervated: Sensory: anterior tongue. Motor: facial and eyelid muscles; stapedius muscle

Back 56

CN VII: Facial

Front 57

What tests are used for CN VII?

Back 57

Sensory: sweet, salty, sour. Motor: corneal blink reflex; smile, raise eyebrows, pucker.

Front 58

True or false: Bell's Palsy is a CN VII lesion.

Back 58

True

Front 59

Name this CN:
- Branchiomeric
- Nuclei: Medulla
- 1 degree Fx: Sensory: Taste for posterior tongue & pharyngeal sensation. Motor: swallowing
- Sensory path or muscle innervated: Sensory: posterior tongue and throat. Motor: gag and swallowing reflexes

Back 59

CN IX: Glossopharyngeal

Front 60

What tests are used for CN IX?

Back 60

Sensory: bitter. Motor: gag reflexes, swallow test (SLP or OT)

Front 61

What are the lesion symptoms of CN IX?

Back 61

Sensory: decreased taste on posterior tongue. Motor: loss of gag and swallow reflexes, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing)

Front 62

Name this CN:
- Branchiomeric
- Nuclei: Medulla
- 1 degree Fx: Sensory: taste from palate to epiglottis & pressure receptors from aortic arch. Motor: parasympathetic info to and from heart, pulmonary system, esophagus, and GI tract; swallowing and speaking.
-Sensory path or structures innervated: Two branches: Visceral branches: to throat, heart, lungs, GI tract. Skeletal muscle branches: muscles of swallowing and speaking

Back 62

CN X: Vagus

Front 63

What tests are used for CN X?

Back 63

Test with CN IX (gag reflex and swallow test). Check for hoarseness, volume, and clearness of speech

Front 64

What CN has the following lesion symptoms?
- Visceral: irrgeular heartbeat; difficulty breathing
- Skeletal: dysphonia (hoarseness), dysphagia (loss of gag reflex) & dysarthria (slurred speech)

Back 64

CN X

Front 65

Name this CN:
- Branchiomeric
- Nuclei: very caudal medulla & cervical spinal cord (anterior horn)
- 1 degree Fx: head rotation, flexion & extension; shoulder elevation and flexion
- Sensory path or structures innervated: Sternocleidomastoid: head movement. Upper trapezius: shoulder movement

Back 65

CN XI: Accessory

Front 66

What are the tests used for CN XI?

Back 66

Turn head and raise shoulders

Front 67

These lesion symptoms descride what CN?
-weakness with rotating, flexing, and extending head and with shrugging shoulder

Back 67

CN XI

Front 68

Name this CN:
- Somatic motor
- Nuclei: Medulla
- 1 degree Fx: Tongue movement
- Muscles innervated: muscles of tongue

Back 68

CN XII: Hypoglossal

Front 69

What test is done for CN XII?

Back 69

stick out tongue

Front 70

What lesion symptoms describe CN XII?

Back 70

Atrophy & paralysis of ipsilateral tongues causing deviation of tongue toward side of lesion/weak side. Dysarthria. Dysphagia.

Front 71

Unilateral brainsemt infarct typically leads to:
A) Ipsilateral cranial nerve involvement
B) Contralateral lim/trunk involvement
C) Both

Back 71

C) Both