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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Olfactory Nerves (I)
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Primary function:
• Special sensory (smell) – Origin: • Receptors of olfactory epithelium – Pathway: • Olfactory foramina in cribriform plate of ethmoid – Destination: • Olfactory bulbs |
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Optic Nerves (II)
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– Primary function:
• Special sensory (vision) – Origin: • Retina of eye – Pathway: • Optic canals of sphenoid – Destination: • Diencephalon via optic chiasm |
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Oculomotor Nerves (III)
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– Primary function:
• Motor (eye movements) – Origin: • Midbrain – Pathway: • Superior orbital fissures of sphenoid – Destination: • Somatic motor – Superior, inferior, and medial rectus muscles – Inferior oblique muscle – Levator palpebrae superioris muscle • Visceral motor – Intrinsic eye muscles |
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The Trochlear Nerves (IV)
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– Primary function:
• Motor (eye movements) – Origin: • Midbrain – Pathway: • Superior orbital fissure of sphenoid – Destination: • Superior oblique muscle |
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The Trigeminal Nerves (V)
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– Primary function:
• Mixed (sensory and motor) to face – Origin: • Ophthalmic branch (sensory) – Orbital structures Nasal cavity – Skin of forehead, upper eyelid, eyebrow and part of nose • Maxillary branch (sensory) – Lower eyelid Upper lip, gums, teeth , cheek, nose, palate and part of pharynx • Maxillary branch (sensory) – Lower eyelid – Upper lip, gums, and teeth – Cheek and nose – Palate and part of pharynx – Pathway: • Ophthalmic branch – Superior orbital fissure • Maxillary branch – Foramen rotundum • Mandibular branch – Foramen ovale – Destination: • Sensory nerves – Sensory nuclei in pons • Motor nerves of mandibular branch – Muscles of mastication |
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The Abducens Nerves (VI)
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– Primary function:
• Motor (eye movements) – Origin: • Pons – Pathway: • Superior orbital fissures of sphenoid – Destination: • Lateral rectus muscle |
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The Facial Nerves (VII)
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– Primary function:
• Mixed (sensory and motor) to face – Origin: • Sensory – Taste receptors on anterior 2/3 of tongue • Motor – Motor nuclei of pons – Pathway: • Internal acoustic meatus to facial canals (stylomastoid foramina) Destination: • Sensory • Sensory nuclei of pons • Somatic motor • Muscles of facial expression • Visceral motor • Tear and nasal mucous glands • Submandibular and sublingual salivary glands |
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The Vestibulocochlear Nerves (VIII)
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– Primary function:
• Special sensory – Vestibular branch » Balance and equilibrium – Cochlear branch » Hearing – Origin: • Receptors of inner ear – Pathway: • Internal acoustic meatus of temporal bones – Destination: • Vestibular and cochlear nuclei of pons and medulla oblongata |
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The Glossopharyngeal Nerves (IX)
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– Primary function:
• Mixed (sensory and motor) to head and neck – Origins: • Sensory – Posterior 1/3 of tongue – Part of pharynx and palate – Carotid arteries • Motor – Motor nuclei of medulla oblongata – Pathway: • Jugular foramina between occipital and temporal bones – Destination: • Sensory -Sensory nuclei of medulla oblongata • Somatic motor -Nerves involved in swallowing • Visceral motor -Parotid salivary gland |
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The Vagus Nerves (X)
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– Primary function:
• Mixed (sensory and motor) • Widely distributed in thorax and abdomen – Origins: • Sensory – Part of pharynx – Auricle and external acoustic meatus – Diaphragm – Visceral organs of thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities • Motor – Motor nuclei in medulla oblongata – Pathway: • Jugular foramina • Between occipital and temporal bones Destination: • Sensory – Sensory nuclei and autonomic centers of medulla oblongata • Visceral motor – Muscles of the palate and pharynx – Muscles of the digestive, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems in thoracic and abdominal cavities |
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The Accessory Nerves (XI)
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– Primary function:
• Motor to muscles of neck and upper back – Origin: • Motor nuclei of spinal cord and medulla oblongata – Pathway: • Jugular foramina between occipital and temporal bones – Destination: • Internal branch – Voluntary muscles of palate, pharynx, and larynx • External branch – Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles |
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The Hypoglossal Nerves (XII)
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– Primary function:
• Motor (tongue movements) – Origin: • Motor nuclei of medulla oblongata – Pathway: • Hypoglossal canals of occipital bone – Destination: • Muscles of tongue |
