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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What do the cranial nerves and ganglia do? |
Supply most of the peripheral nerve functions associated with the head |
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Where do the true cranial nerves connect |
3-12 Connect to the brain stem essentially within the cranial cavity |
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Where do the olfactory and optic nerve connect? |
Ventral and forebrain and thalamus respectively |
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Why are the olfactory and optic nerves not true cranial nerves? |
Do not attach to the brainstem |
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Describe Cranial Nerve 1 |
Olfactory nerves Arise from sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelium in the nasal cavity --> cribiform plate Synapse with olfactory bulb and establish with the brain in the olfactory tracts |
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What is the functional component of the olfactory nerve? |
Carry sense of smell which is often associated with taste |
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What is Cranial nerve 2 |
Optic nerve which carries visual function. |
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Describe how images are processed by the eye/brain |
Patterns of light are detected in the photoreceptors of the retina and processed into AP Signals are then sent to retinal ganglion --> optic nerve and sent to the brain |
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Where is the Optic Nerve? |
between eye and optic chasm Enters the cranial cavity and cross the chasm Optic Tracts connect the chiasm and brain at the thalamus (Lat Geniculate Nucleus) -Projects to the occipital lobes of the brain |
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What are the cranial nerves of the midbrain? |
Includes oculomotor (CN3) and trochear (CN4) |
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What is Cranial Nerve 3
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Oculomotor nerve (Somatic and visceral) exists ventrally from the brainstem above the pons at the interpeduncular fossa |
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What does the Oculomotor nerve innervate? |
Most of theextra ocular muscles Also contains autonomic parasympathetic axons going to the eye |
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What are the functional components of the oculomotor nerve? |
Somatic: Medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, levator palpebrae muscles Parasympathetic: Sphincter pupillae (light reflex) Ciliary muscles (Focus) |
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What is Crainial Nerve 4 |
Trochlear Nerve (Motor) Exits at the junction of the pons and mid brain at the colliculus Only cranial nerve to exit dorsally on the brain stem |
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What is the functional component of the Trochlear nerve? |
Somatic: innervates the superior oblique muscle of the eye -Intorts and depresses the eye -Directly opposed by the Inferior Oblique |
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What are the cranial nerve of the pons? |
Cranial Nerve 5 - Trigeminal exits through the pons |
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What is Cranial Nerve 5 |
Trigeminal nerve Motor and Sensory root Three peripheral branches: Opthalmic, Maxillary, Mandibular |
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What are the Functional Components of the Trigeminal Nerve? |
Motor: Mastication muscles, tensor tympani, tensor palatini, mylohyoid, and ant digastric General Sensory: Afferents from face, etes, sinuses, nasal and oral cavities. part of external tympanic membrane. General Sensory: light touch and temperature, discrimminative touch and pressure, Proprioception to muscles of mastication |
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What are the Cranial Nerves of the Pontomedullary junction? |
Between the Pons and Medulla - CN 6,7,8 |
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What is Cranial Nerve 6? |
Abducens Enters brainstem in the inferior pontine sulcus nearest the midline Has long intra cranial course and is one of the most frequently injured of cranial nerves |
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What are the funcitonal components of the Abducens nerve? |
Motor: innervates the ipsilateral - lateral rectus muscle of the eye (abduction of the eye) |
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What is Cranial nerve 7? |
Facial Nerve 2 components: Primary motor root and the nervous intermedius Both exit in the lateral aspect of the inferior pontine sulcus |
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What are the Functional components of the Facial Nerve? |
Somatic Motor: Pharyngeal arch, muscles of facial expression, stapedius muscle Parasympathetic Autonomic: Superior salivatory nucleus - Lacrimal glands, Salivary glands, Muscous membranes (nose had and soft palates) Taste: From anterior 2/3 of tongue and hard and soft palates. Info is carried to the brainstem in the intermediate nerve General Sensory: Skin of ear wall of acoustic meatus and external tympanic membrane |
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What is Cranial Nerve 8? |
Vestibulocochlear nerve Enters brainstem in the lateral border of the inferior pontine sulcus (cerebellopontine angle) |
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What are the Functional Components of the Vestibulocochlear nerve? |
Auditory: Spiral ganglia in the inner ear carry auditory info into the brain stem then sent to primary auditory cortex Vestibular: Carries afferent info from the vestibular apparatus -Project to the vestibular nuclear complex in the brainstem |
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What are the Cranial Nerves of the Medulla? |
Cranial Nerve 9, 10, 11, 12 |
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What is Cranial nerve 9 |
Glossopharyngeal nerve Exits postolivary fissue of the upper medulla, just above the vagus nerve |
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What are the functional components of the Glossopharyngeal nerve? |
Somatic Motor: stylopharyngeus muscle. it elevates pharynx during swallowing and speech Visceral Motor: Carries parasympathetic motor axons going to the parotid gland (Salivary function) Visceral Sensory: Axons carry afferent information from the carotid body and carotid sinus -Middle ear, eustachian tube, upper part of the pharynx and posterior 1/3 of tonuge -Pharynx (Gag reflex) Special Sensory: taste sensation from the posterio 1/3 of tongue General Sensory: Sensory to parts of the external auditory meatus and ear |
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What is Cranial Nerve 10? |
Vagus Nerve exits in the postolivary fissue of the brain stem as a series of rootlets Innervation to outside of the head and neck |
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What are the functional components of vagus nerve? |
Motor: constrictor muscles od the pharynx, palatine muscles, laryngeal muscles, upper half of esophagus Visceral Motor: Parasympathetic visceral information to thoracic and abdominal viscera to the level of the splenic flexure of the colon Special Sensory: Taste and sensation from epiglottis and base of tongue. Visceral Sensation: Thoracic and abdominal viscera, larynx, lower pharynx, trachea, bronchi, and esophagus Somatic sensory: Pain, touch, temp skin of external ear external auditory canal, external surface of tympanic membrane and meninges of posterior cranial fossa |
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What is cranial nerve 11? |
Spinal Accessory nerve Exits as a series of rootlets dorsal to the denticulate ligaments and ascends to join the caudal portions of CN 10 near the foramen magnum |
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What are the functional components of the Spinal Accessory nerve? |
Innervates the scm and trapezius muscles Cranial portion that innervates pharyngeal musculature along with CNX |
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What is Cranial Nerve 12 |
Hypoglossal Nerve Originates from the hypoglossal nucleus in the medulla. Exits in front of the medulalry olivary complex in the preolivary fissure |
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What are the functional Components of the hypoglossal nerve? |
Innervates all the intrinsic muscles of the tongue and most of the extrinsic tongue muscles. |
