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61 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The nervous system is broken into the CNS and PNS. The PNS is broken down into 3 categories which are?
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Somatic (structures of the body wall), visceral (autonomics), and the special visceral which includes the afferent special senses and efferent branchial arch mm.
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What are the 7 types of nerve fibers?
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1. General somatic efferent/afferent
2. General visceral efferent/afferent 3. Special visceral efferent/afferent 4. Special somatic afferent GSE/A GVE/A SVE/A SSA |
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The special somatic afferent nerve fibers deal with which senses?
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1. Vision
2. hearing 3. Balance |
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What functions do the general visceral efferent fibers have?
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The innervate branchial arch muscles. Motor
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Which nerve fibers control taste and smell?
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Special visceral afferent.
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Name all 12 cranial nerves and note whether it is motor, sensory or both.
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Oh, Oh, Oh To Touch And Feel Very Good Velvet Ah Heaven (For Cranial nerves)
Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Boobs Matter Most. (Sensory, Motor, or both) Olfactory - Sensory Optic - Sensory Occulomotor - Motor Trochlear - Motor Trigeminal - Both Abducens - Motor Facial - Both Vestibulocochlear - Sensory Glossopharyngeal - Both Vagus - Both Accessory - Motor Hypoglossal - Motor |
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CN3 controls which muscles?
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Levator palpebrae superioris, superior rector, medial rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, ciliary muscle, sphincter pupillae.
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Which nerves only function is to control the lateral rectus muscle?
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CN6. LR6 SO4 3
Lateral Rectus is CN6. Superior oblique is CN4. All the rest are CN3. |
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The nerve responsible for sensory innervation to the face, nasal cavity, oral cavity and teeth is what?
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Trigeminal Nerve (CN5)
This nerve also provides motor innervation to the muscles of mastication, anterior digastric belly, tensory tympani and tensor veli palatini. |
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The Vagus nerve (CNX) motor innervation to which structures?
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Pharynx, larynx, bronchial tree, heart, GI tract to splenix flexure and secretomotor to mucous glands.
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What are the 6 somatic afferent cranial nerves?
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1. Optic
2. Olfactory 3. Facial 4. Vestibulocochlear (CN8) 5. Glossopharyngeal (CN9) 6. Vagus (CN10) |
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Which 3 cranial nerves control the sense of taste?
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CN7, CN9 and CN10
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The olfactory bulb sits just superior to what bony structure?
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Cribriform plate. The olfactory bulb sends out fibers through the cribriform plate and into the olfactory epithelium within the nasal cavity.
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The lack of sense of smell is and associated decreased sense of taste is known as what?
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Anosmia
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The optic nerve (CN2) is an extension of brain surrounded by what?
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Meninges and CSF
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The retina can be divided into what two halves?
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Nasal (medial) and Temporal (lateral).
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The temporal half of the retina is responsible for sight in which portion of the vision field.
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Periphery, or the temporal fields.
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Fibers from the medial retina cross over eachother in which structure?
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Optic chiasm. Fibers from the lateral half of retina do not cross over.
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If someone experiences left sided visual field blindness, but retains right sided peripheral vision, where is the lesion?
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Right optic tract.
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If someone has a lesion of the optic chiasm, what symptoms would you expect?
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Complete loss of peripheral vision, due to lack of innervation to the medial retina.
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A tumor from the pituitary gland or aneurysm of the internal carotid artery can compress what structure and cause what symptoms?
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Compression of the optic chiasm would cause peripheral blindness.
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The vestibulocochlear nerve exits out the skull through what structure?
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Internal acoustic meatus.
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Meniere's syndrome is caused by a dysfunction of which nerve resulting in tinnitus, hearing impairment, vertigo, pressure in the ear and sensitivity to noise?
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Vistibulocochlear lesions.
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A lesion of the vestibular division of CN8 can cause what symptoms?
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HA, dizziness, vertigo, nausea and vomiting.
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A lesion to the cochlear division of CN8 can cause what symptoms?
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hearing impairment.
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What are the only cranial nerves with no GE (motor) component?
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Optic, olfactory and vestibulocochlear.
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The trochlear and Abducent nerves exits the skull through what?
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superior orbital fissure
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The spinal accessory nerve exits the skull through what?
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Jugular foramen to innervate the trapezius and SCM.
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Where does the hypoglossal nerve exit the skull?
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hypoglossal canal. It provides motor control to the styloglossus, hyoglossus, genioglossus and the intrinsic muscles of the tongue.
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A lesion to CN12 causes what?
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Deviation of the tongue towards the affected side.
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Visceral afferent pain that follows the sympathetic pathway through T1-L2 and is typically characterized as what kind of pain?
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Dull diffuse pain due to ischemia, inflammation, distension and cramping
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What 2 cranial nerves carry visceral afferents conveying distension of pelvic organs through S2-4?
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CN9 and CN10. CN9 carries blood pressure and chemistry information from the carotid body and sinus. CN10 carries blood pressure and chemistry information from the aortic arch and para-aortic body, and visceral info from thoracic and abdominal viscera.
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Is the sympathetic system associated with conserving or expending energy?
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energy expenditure. Parasympathetic = energy conservation.
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Where is the sympathetic system distributed?
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Skin, scalp, glands, vessels, smooth muscle. Causes sweating, vasoconstriction, thickening of saliva and pupil dilation.
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Which cranial nerves distribute parasympathetic fibers?
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CN3, 7, 9 and 10. Some postganglionics are distributed in GA branches of CN5.
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The stellate ganglion is comprised of what ganglia?
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T1 ganglion and inferior cervical ganglion.
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Why are there no white rami communicantes
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?? question from class.
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What are the symptoms of Horner's syndrome?
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ptosis, meiosis and anhydrosis.
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Where does the oculomotor nerve synapse before sending out short ciliary nerves to the smooth muscles of the eye?
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Ciliary ganglion
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What preganglionic parasympathetic nerves travel to the pterygopalatine ganglion?
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Greater petrosal nerve.
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How is CN7 associated with taste?
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It innervates the anterior 2/3 of tongue.
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Which nerve is associated with taste from the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?
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CN9
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What are common problems with a brainstem lesion affecting the vagus (CN10)?
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Deviation of uvula to unaffected side and vocal cord paralysis.
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A fracture to the orbit can cause the inability to look inferiorly when the eye is adducted because which nerve has been injured?
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CN4 damage causes atrophy of the superior oblique muscle.
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CN6 damage causes?
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The inability to abduct the eye due to atrophy of the lateral rectus muscle.
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The PNS is divided into what two divisions?
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Somatic and visceral.
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What are visceral efferents also known as?
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Autonomics, sympathetic and parasympathetic.
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Special afferent's (SA) is a combination of what nerve groups?
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special somatic afferent and special visceal afferent
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Missing olfactory bulbs leads to complete loss of smell known as?
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Anosmia. Congenital anosmia.
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In a serious head injury the nerves in the cribriform plate can be sheared causing?
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Anosmia
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Vestibulocochlear nerve exits the skull to enter the inner ear from what?
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The internal acoustic meatus
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What nerve exits the jugular foramen to innervate the SCM and trapezius?
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CNXI
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The majority of the muscles of the tongue are innervated by what nerve?
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hypoglossal CNXII
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Skin of face receives what types of VE nerves?
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Sympathetics
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All sympatheics going to the head originate at T1-T2 and synapse in which cervical ganglion?
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Superior, middle or inferior ganglia.
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Branches of the trigeminal nerve suspend the parasympathetic ganglia.
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FLN
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Why aren't there any white rami communicans?
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Because all nerves travel up to the cervical area from T1-2 and don't need white rami.
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SPEND MORE TIME STUDYING PARASYMPATHETICS
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FLN
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The trigeminal nerve is the primary sensory nerve of the face.
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FLN
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Preganglionic parasympathetics come from the oculomotor nerve (III) and synapse in the ciliary ganglion.
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....
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What nerve innervates the lacrimal gland?
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V1
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