Cranial Nerves

Front 1

what are the components, location of the nerve cell bodies, cranial exit and main action of CN 1 (olfactory)?

Back 1

1. component-special sensory
2. location of nerve cell bodies-olfactory epithelium
3. cranial exit-foramina in cribriform plate of ethmoid bone
4. main action-smell from nasal mucosa of root of each nasal cavity and superior sides of nasal septum and superior concha

Front 2

what are the components, location of the nerve cell bodies, cranial exit and main action of CN II (optic)?

Back 2

1. component-special sensory
2. location of the nerve cell bodies-retina (ganglion cells)
3. cranial exit-optic canal
4. main action-vision from retina

Front 3

what are the components of CN III (oculomotor)?

Back 3

somatic motor and visceral motor

Front 4

what are the location of the nerve cell bodies, cranial exit and main action of the somatic motor component of CN III?

Back 4

1. location of the nerve cell bodies-midbrain
2. cranial exit-superior orbital fissure
3. main action-motor to superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique and levator palpebrae superioris muscles, raises superior eyelid, turns eyeball superiorly, inferiorly and medially

Front 5

what are the location of the nerve cell bodies, cranial exit and main action of the visceral motor component of CN III?

Back 5

1. location of nerve cell bodies-midbrain (presynaptic) and ciliary ganglion (postsynaptic)
2. cranial exit-superior orbital fissure
3. main action-parasympathetic innervation to sphincter of pupil and ciliary muscle, constricts pupil and accommodates lens of eye

Front 6

what are the components, location of the nerve cell bodies, cranial exit and main action of CN IV (troclear)?

Back 6

1. component-somatic motor
2. location of the nerve cell bodies-midbrain
3. cranial exit-superior orbital fissure
4. main action-motor to superior oblque that assists in turning eye inferiolaterally (or inferiorly when adducted)

Front 7

what are the branches of CN V?

Back 7

V1 (ophthalmic), V2 (maxillary), V3 (mandibular), V1 and V2 are strictly general sensory while V3 is general sensory and branchial motor

Front 8

what are the location of nerve cell bodies, cranial exit and main action of the ophthalmic branch of CN V?

Back 8

1. location of nerve cell bodies-trigeminal ganglion
2. cranial exit-superior orbital fissure
3. main action-sensation from cornea, skin of forehead, scalp, eyelids, nose and mucosa of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses

Front 9

what are the location of nerve cell bodies, cranial exit and main action of the maxillary branch of CN V?

Back 9

1. location of nerve cell bodies-trigeminal ganglion
2. cranial exit-foramen rotundum
3. main action-sensation from skin of face over maxilla, including upper lip, maxillary teeth, mucosa of nose, maxillary sinus and palate

Front 10

what are the location of nerve cell bodies, cranial exit and main action of the general sensory component of the mandibular branch of CN V?

Back 10

1. location of nerve cell bodies-trigeminal ganglion
2. cranial exit-foramen ovale
3. main action-sensation from skin and over side of head mandible including lower lip, mandibular teeth, temporomandibular joint, mucosa of mouth and anterior two thirds of tongue

Front 11

what are the location of nerve cell bodies, cranial exit and main action of the brachial motor component of the mandibular branch of CN V

Back 11

1. location of nerve cell bodies-pons
2. cranial exit-forament ovale
3. main action-motor to muscle of mastication, mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric, tensor veli palatine and tensor tympani

Front 12

what are the components, location of nerve cell bodies, cranial exit and main action of CN VI (abducens)?

Back 12

1. components-somatic motor
2. location of nerve cell bodies-pons
3. cranial exit-superior orbital fissure
4. main action-motor to lateral rectus that turns eye laterally

Front 13

what are the components of CN VII (facial)

Back 13

brachial motor, special sensory and visceral motor

Front 14

what are the location of nerve cell bodies, cranial exit and main action of the branchial motor component of CN VII

Back 14

1. location of nerve cell bodies-pons
2. cranial exit-internal acoustic meatus, facial canal, sylomastoid foramen
3. main action-motor to muscles of facial expression and scalp, also supplies stapedius of middle ear, stylohyoid and posterior belly of digastric

Front 15

what are the location of nerve cell bodies, cranial exit and main action of the special sensory component of CN VII

Back 15

1. location of nerve cell bodies-geniculate ganglion
2. cranial exit-internal acoustic meatus, facial canal, sylomastoid foramen
3. main action-taste from anterior two thirds of tongue and the palate

Front 16

what are the location of nerve cell bodies, cranial exit and main action of the visceral motor component of CN VII

Back 16

1. location of nerve cell bodies-pons (presynaptic), pterygopalatine ganglion and submandibular ganglion (postsynaptic)
2. cranial exit-internal acoustic meatus, facial canal, sylomastoid foramen
3. main action-parasympathetic innervation to submandibular and sublingual salivary glands, lacrimal gland, and glands of nose and palate

Front 17

what are the components of CN VIII (vestibulocochlear)?

Back 17

vestibular and cochlear (which are both special sensory)

Front 18

what are the location of nerve cell bodies, cranial exit and main action of the vestibular component of CN VIII?

Back 18

1. location of nerve cell bodies-vestibular ganglion
2. cranial exit-internal acoustic meatus
3. main action-vestibular sensation from semicircular ducts, utricle and saccule related to position and movement of head

Front 19

what are the location of nerve cell bodies, cranial exit and main action of the cochlear component of CN VIII?

Back 19

1. location of nerve cell bodies-spiral ganglion
2. cranial exit-internal acoustic meatus
3. main action-hearing from spiral organ

Front 20

what are the components of CN IX (glossopharyngeal)?

Back 20

branchial motor, visceral motor, visceral sensory, special sensory, general sensory

Front 21

what are the location of nerve cell bodies, cranial exit and main action of the branchial motor component of CN IX?

Back 21

1. location of nerve cell bodies-medulla
2. cranial exit-jugular foramen
3. main action-motor to stylopharyngeus to assist with swallowing

Front 22

what are the location of nerve cell bodies, cranial exit and main action of the viscer motor component of CN IX?

Back 22

1. location of nerve cell bodies-medulla (presynaptic) and otic ganglion (postsynaptic)
2. cranial exit-jugular foramen
3. main action-parasympathetic innervation to parotid gland

Front 23

what are the location of nerve cell bodies, cranial exit and main action of the visceral sensory component of CN IX?

Back 23

1. location of nerve cell bodies-superior ganglion
2. cranial exit-jugular foramen
3. main action-visceral sensation from parotid gland, carotid body and sinus, pharynx and middle ear

Front 24

what are the location of nerve cell bodies, cranial exit and main action of the special sensory component of CN IX?

Back 24

1. location of nerve cell bodies-inferior ganglion
2. cranial exit-jugular foramen
3. main action-taste from posterior third of tongue

Front 25

what are the location of nerve cell bodies, cranial exit and main action of the general sensory component of CN IX?

Back 25

1. location of nerve cell bodies-inferior ganglion
2. cranial exit-jugular foramen
3. main action-cutaneous sensation from external ear

Front 26

what are the components of CN X (vagus)

Back 26

branchial motor, visceral motor, visceral sensory, special sensory, general sensory

Front 27

what are the location of nerve cell bodies, cranial exit and main action of branchial motor component of CN X?

Back 27

1. location of nerve cell bodies-medulla
2. cranial exit-jugular foramen
3. main action-motor to constrictor muscles of pharynx, intrinsic muscle of larynx, muscles of palate and striated muscle in superior two thirds of esophagus

Front 28

what are the location of nerve cell bodies, cranial exit and main action of visceral motor component of CN X?

Back 28

1. location of nerve cell bodies-medulla (presynaptic) and neurons in, on or near viscera (postsynaptic)
2. cranial exit-jugular foramen
3. main action-parasympathetic innervation to smooth muscle of trachea, bronchi, digestive tract and cardiac muscle of heart

Front 29

what are the location of nerve cell bodies, cranial exit and main action of visceral sensory component of CN X?

Back 29

1. location of nerve cell bodies-superior ganglion
2. cranial exit-jugular foramen
3. main action-visceral sensation from base of tongue, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, heart, esophagus, stomach and intestine to left colic flexure

Front 30

what are the location of nerve cell bodies, cranial exit and main action of special sensory component of CN X?

Back 30

1. location of nerve cell bodies-inferior ganglion
2. cranial exit-jugular foramen
3. main action-taste from epiglottis and palate

Front 31

what are the location of nerve cell bodies, cranial exit and main action of general sensory component of CN X?

Back 31

1. location of nerve cell bodies-superior sensory
2. cranial exit-jugular foramen
3. main action-sensation from auricle, external acoustic meatus, and dura mater of posterior cranial fossa

Front 32

what are the components, location of nerve cell bodies, cranial exit and main action of CN XI (spinal accessory)?

Back 32

1. component-somatic motor
2. location of nerve cell bodies-spinal cord
3. cranial exit-jugular foramen
4. main action-motor to sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

Front 33

what are the components, location of nerve cell bodies, cranial exit and main action of CN XII (hypoglossal)?

Back 33

1. component-somatic motor
2. location of nerve cell bodies-medulla
3. cranial exit-hypoglossal canal
4. main action-motor to intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of tongue (except palatoglossus)

Front 34

what are the two subtypes of motor fibers that innervate voluntary (striated) muscle?

Back 34

1. somatic motor-general somatic efferent, innervate the striated muscles in the orbit, tongue and external muscles of the neck derived from sources other than the embryonic pharyngeal arches
2. branchial motor-special visceral efferent, axons innervate striated muscles derived from the pharyngeal arches (face, palate, pharynx and larynx, muscles of mastication)

Front 35

Describe the visceral motor fibers.

Back 35

they are motor fibers that innervate involuntary muscles or glands, general visceral efferents, responsible for the parasympathetic division of the ANS

Front 36

Describe the visceral sensory fibers.

Back 36

convey sensation from the viscera, general visceral afferents, convey info from the carotid body and sinus, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, heart and GI tract

Front 37

Describe the general sensory fibers.

Back 37

transmit general sensation (touch, pressure, head) from the skin and mucous membranes, mainly carried by CN V, but also by VII, IX and X

Front 38

Describe the special sensory fibers.

Back 38

transmits unique sensations (taste, smell, vision, hearing and balance)

Front 39

Where is the ciliary ganglion located?

Back 39

between the optic nerve and lateral rectus, close to the apex of the orbit

Front 40

Where are the parasympathetic and sympathetic roots of the ciliary ganglion?

Back 40

1. parasympathetic-inferior branch of occulomotor nerve (CN III)
2. sympathetic-branches from internal carotid plexus in cavernous sinus

Front 41

what is the main distribution of the ciliary ganglion?

Back 41

parasympathetic postsynaptic fibers from ciliary ganglion pass to ciliary muscle and sphincter pupillae of iris, sympathetic postganglionic fibers from superior cervical ganglion pass to dilator of pupil and blood vessels of eye

Front 42

wherer is the pterygopalatine ganglion located?

Back 42

in pterygopalatine fossa, where it is suspended by ganglionic branches of maxillary nerve (sensory roots of pterygopalatine ganglion), just anterior to opening of pterygoid canal and inferior to CN V2

Front 43

where are the parasympathetic and sympathetic roots of the pterygopalatine ganglion?

Back 43

1. parasympathetic-greater petrosal nerve from facial nerve via nerve of pterygoid canal
2. sympathetic-deep petrosal nerve, a branch of the internal carotid plexus that is a continuation of postsynaptic fibers of cervical sympathetic trunk, fibers from superior cervical ganglion pass through pterygopalatine ganglion and enter branches of CN V2

Front 44

what is the main distribution of the pterygopalatine ganglion?

Back 44

parasympathetic postganglionic (secretomotor) fibers from pterygopalatine ganglion innervate lacrimal gland via zygomatic branch of CN V2, sympathetic postsynaptic fibers from superior cervical ganglion accompany branches of pterygopalatine nerve that are distributed to blood vessels of nasal cavity, palate, and superior parts of pharynx

Front 45

where is the otic ganglion located?

Back 45

between tensor veli palatine and mandibular nerve, lies inferior to foramen ovale of sphenoid bone

Front 46

where are the parasympathetic and sympathetic roots of the otic ganglion

Back 46

1. parasympathetic-tympanic nerve from glossopharyngeal nerve, continues from the tympanic plexus as the lesser petrosal nerve
2. sympathetic-fibers from superior cervical ganglion come from plexus on middle meningeal artery

Front 47

what is the main distribution of the otic ganglion?

Back 47

parasympathetic postsynaptic fibers from otic ganglion are distributed to parotid gland via auriculotemporal nerve, sympathetic postsynaptic fibers from superior cervical ganglion pass to parotid gland and supply its blood vessels

Front 48

what is the location of the submandibular ganglion?

Back 48

suspended from lingual nerve by two ganglionic branches (sensory roots), lies on surface of hyoglossus muscle inferior to submandibular duct

Front 49

where the parasympathetic and sympathetic roots of the submandibular ganglion?

Back 49

1. parasympathetic-parasympathetic fibers join facial nerve and leave it in its chorda tympani branch, which unites with lingual nerve
2. sympathetic-sympathetic fibers from superior cervical ganglion via plexus on facial artery

Front 50

what is the main distribution of the submandibular ganglion?

Back 50

parasympathetic postsynaptic (secretomotor) fibers from submandibular ganglion are distributed to sublingual and submandibular glands, sympathetic fibers supply sublingual and submandibular glands

Front 51

Describe the parasympathetic innervation of the lacrimal gland via CN VII.

Back 51

1. greater petrosal nerve arises from CN VII at the teniculate ganglion and emerges from the superior surface of the petrous part of the temporal bone to enter the middle cranial fossa
2. greater petrosal nerve joins the deep petrosal nerve (sympathetic) at the foramen lacerum to form the nerve of the pterygoid canal
3. nerve of pterygoid canal travels through the pterygoid canal and enters the pterygopalatine fossa
4. parasympathetic fibers from the nerve of pterygoid canal in the pterygopalatine fossa synapse in the pterygopalatine ganglion
5. postsynaptic parasympathetic fibers from this ganglion innervate the lacrimal gland via the zygomatic branch of CN V2 and the lacrimal nerve (branch of V1)

Front 52

Describe the parasympathetic innervation of the submandibular and sublingual glands via CN VII.

Back 52

1. the chorda tympani branch arises from CN VII just superior to sylomastoid foramen
2. the chorda tympani crosses the tympanic cavity medial to handle of malleus
3. the chorda tympani passes through the petrotympanic fissure between the tympanic and the petrous parts of the temporal bone to join the lingual nerve (CN V3) in the infratemporal fossa
4. parasympathetic fibers of the chorda tympani synapse in the submandibular ganglion, postsynaptic fibers follow arteries to glands

Front 53

Describe the parasympathetic innervation of the parotid gland via CN IX

Back 53

1. tympanic nerve arises from Cn IX and emerges with it form the jugular foramen
2. tympanic nerve enters the middle ear via the tympanic canaliculus in the petrous part of the temporal bone
3. tympanic nerve forms the tympanic plexus on the promontory of the middle ear
4. the lesser petrosal nerve arises as a branch of the tympanic plexus
5. lesser petrosal nerve penetrates roof of tympanic cavity (tegmen tympani) to enter middle cranial fossa
6. lesser petrosal nerve leaves cranium through the foramen ovale
7. parasympathetic fibers synapse in the otic ganglion
8. postsynaptic fibers pass to parotid gland via branches of auriculotemporal nerve (CN V3)