Cranial Nerves

Front 1

What is CN1 its job and how to assess?

Back 1

-Olfactory nerve
-responsible for smell
-use strong odor to assess smell like coffe spice or soap

Front 2

What is CN2 Function and how do you assess?

Back 2

-Optic nerve
-Snellen Test 20/20 Vision
-pt closes 1eye, and looks at examiners nose and let examiner know when object from side (eg. finger) is presented from perphery

Front 3

What is CN3 function and how do you assess?

Back 3

-Oculomotor Nerve
-assessed with CN 4&5
-helps in eye movement
-ask pt to follow finger as it moves horizontally and vertically making a cross and and X
If weak or paralyzed eyes will not move together (disconjugate gaze) or nystagmus seen (fine rapid jerking movement)
-pupillary contriction and convergence and accommodation by shining light into the pupil

Front 4

What is CN4 function and how do you assess?

Back 4

-Trochlear (works with CN3 and CN5)
-helps in eye movement
-ask pt to follow finger as it moves horizontally and vertically making a cross and and X
If weak or paralyzed eyes will not move together (disconjugate gaze) or nystagmus seen (fine rapid jerking movement)

Front 5

What is CN5 function and how do you assess?

Back 5

-Abducens Nerves
assessed with CN 3&4
-helps in eye movement
-ask pt to follow finger as it moves horizontally and vertically making a cross and and X
If weak or paralyzed eyes will not move together (disconjugate gaze) or nystagmus seen (fine rapid jerking movement)

Front 6

Where is CN3 located and what is it at risk for and s/sx of this risk.

Back 6

-it exits at the top of the brainstem.
-It can be easily compressed by expanding mass.
-results in pupit that does not constrict in response to light; may become dilated

Front 7

Another function of CN3 is?

Back 7

to keep eyelids open. Damage can cause ptosis, pupillary abnormalities, and eye muscle weakness.

Front 8

What is CN5, its function , and how is it assessed?

Back 8

-Trigeminal Nerve
-functions in ophthalmic, maxillary and mandible
-assessed by light touch with cotton and pinpick in all 3 areas
-ask pt to clench teeth and palpate masseter muscles above mandible angle.
-reflex not tested on awake or alert pt by cotton wisp in cornea to assess for reflex

Front 9

What is CN7? its function and how is it assessed?

Back 9

-Facial Nerve
-Innervates the muscles of facial expression
-ask pt to raise eyebrows, close the eyes tightly, purse the lips, draw back the corners of the mouth in exaggerated smile, and frown.
-note any asymmetry tht indicate damage to facial nerve.
-discrimintes salt and sugar in aterion 2/3 of tongue

Front 10

What is CN8? what is its function and how is it assessed?

Back 10

-Acoustic Nerve
-cochlear portion of acoustic (vestibulocochlear)
-have pt close eyes and indicate when a ticking (watch) or rustling of fingertips is heard ase stimulus is brought closer to the ear. Identifies gross deficits of hearing. Audomitor used for more precise hearing. Vestibular part assessed with caloric test and not normally done

Front 11

What is CN9? its function? and how is it assessed?

Back 11

-Glossopharyngeal assesses sensory (tested with CN10 Vagus)
-both innervate the pharynx
-assess the gag reflex by strocking or touching either side of the posterior pharynx or soft palate with a tongue blade
-have pt say "ah" and note bilateral symmetry of elevation of the soft palate
-palpate throat while pt swallows to assess for symmetry

Front 12

What is CN10? its function? and how is it assessed?

Back 12

-Vagus assesses motor(tested with CN9 Glossopharyngeal)
-both innervate the pharynx
-assess the gag reflex by strocking or touching either side of the posterior pharynx or soft palate with a tongue blade
-have pt say "ah" and note bilateral symmetry of elevation of the soft palate
-palpate throat while pt swallows to assess for symmetry

Front 13

What is CN11? what is its function? and how is it assessed?

Back 13

-Spinal Accessory Nerve
-functions in sternomastoid and trapezius muscles
-ask pt to shrug shoulders against resistance and to turn the head to either side against resistance. should not smooth contraction of these muscles

Front 14

What is CN12? what is its function? and how is it assessed?

Back 14

-Hypoglossal Nerve
-functions in the tongue
-ask pt to protrude the tongue. it should protrude to the midline. ask pt to push the tongue to either side against resistance of a tongue blade. note any asymmetry, atrophy, or fasciculation.

Front 15

What is Rombergs test?

Back 15

test of position sense used in drunk drivers. pt stands with feet together and then closes his eyes. if pt maintains balance with eyes open but not with eyes closed it is a Positive Romberg test (vestibulocochlear dysfunction or disease in porsterior columns of the spinal cord)

Front 16

what is Graphesthesia?

Back 16

ability to feel writing on the skin. trace a number on palm of pt hand while eyes are closed

Front 17

What is Sterognosis?

Back 17

ability to perceive the form and nature of objects.l place coin or keys or safety pin in pts hands with pt eyes closed. and hve them identify it

Front 18

Patellar reflex is assessed by

Back 18

striking the patellar tendon just below the patella. pt is sitting or lying as longs the the leg hangs freely. the normal response is extension of the leg with contraction of the quadriceps.

Front 19

what are the normal measurement ranges for reflexes?

Back 19

0=absent
1=weak
2=normal
3=exaggerated response
4=hyperreflexia with clonus

Front 20

What is Clonus?

Back 20

and abnormal response, a continued rhythmic contraction of the muscle with continuous application of the stimulus

Front 21

What does Frontal Lobe control?

Back 21

left side of brain controls right side of body and vice versa.
-Controls Motor speech Broca's area on left side of lobe and dominant for function of speech in 90% of ppl
-if pt paralyzed on the rt side most likely their speech is affcted
-center for intelligence, abstract thinking, behavior, and emotions

Front 22

What does the Parietal Lobe control?

Back 22

controls sensation: pain, touch, hot, cold, and pressure
also, recognition of distance, size, and shape (steriognosis) or perceptions

Front 23

What does the Occipital Lobe control?

Back 23

center for visions. rt occipital are of the brain receives impulses from the right half of each eye and the lf occipital area receives impulses from the left half of each eye. if theh have brain tumor on right occipital lobe then they have no vision on the right half of each eye

Front 24

What does the Temporal Lobe control?

Back 24

it is the center for hearing, taste, smell, special senses and auditory speach center (understanding speech)

Front 25

What does the Thalamus control?

Back 25

It is the center for relay of sensation, and emotions: pain, fear, rage, love

Front 26

What does the Hypothalamus control?

Back 26

temperature control, sleep, some influence on the pituitary gland, supervision of autonomic nervous system, optic chiasm is here, pituitary gland is here (water balance Diabetes Insipidus) & appetite control

Front 27

What does the basil ganglia control?

Back 27

found in lateral walls of lateral ventricles influence muscular activity

Front 28

What does the cerebellum control?

Back 28

controls voluntary muscle coordination, range, direction,and force of voluntary muscle.Balance, muscle tone

Front 29

What does the Midbrain in Brainstem control?

Back 29

relay center for visual and uditory reflxes,

Front 30

What does the Medulla in Brianstem control?

Back 30

contains vital center: respiratory, cardiac, vasomotor. CN9,10,11,12