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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How will a child present with sagital craniosynostosis?
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Male
More common of the CSO Scaphocephaly (boat shaped head) |
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How will a child present with coronal craniosynostosis?
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Female
Unilateral or bilateral UL=plagiocephaly BL= brachycephaly |
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What is plagiocephaly?
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One sided flattenening of the forehead, with concave eye on same side
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What is brachycephaly?
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Broad flattened forehead
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What is Cruzon's disease?
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Coronal CSO with abnormal sphenoid, orbital or facial bone
Flat face with concave eyes |
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What is Apert's syndrome?
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Multiple CSO with syndactaly
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What is lissencephaly?
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Maldevelopment of cerebral convolutions
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What is agyria?
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Brain is smooth, with out gyri
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What is pachygyria?
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Brian has thickened gyri with decreased numbers
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What is polymicrogyria?
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Brain has smaller gyri with increased numbers
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What is heterotopia?
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Blobs of neuronal tissue where they dont belong
associated with epilepsy |
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What is anancephaly?
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failure of closure of the anterior neuropore
fatal folic acid def |
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What is encephalocele?
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meninges and CNS tissue through a defect in the skull
to form a cyst |
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What is spina bifida?
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Failure of the posterior neuropore to close, LS region mainly
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What is spina bifida occulta?
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Tuft or hair or a dimple at the site
-deficits are rare failure to verterbra to form all the way--meninges and SC in normal place |
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What can be seen with spina bifida?
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Caudal displacement of the medulla/cerebellum and hydrocephalese
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What is a meningocele?
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Failure of both verterbra and meninges to form normally
meninges bubble out at location, but SC is in normal place |
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What is meningiomyelocele?
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Verterbrea dont form normally, and meninges plus SC both bubble out into fluid filled sack
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What causes arachnoid cysts?
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split of the arachnoid membrnae
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What are symptoms of arachnoid cysts?
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Usualy asymptomatic
-If not: seizures, increased ICP, hydrocephalus, rapid deteriation if rupture |
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What is and what causes porencephalic cysts?
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Communication with ventricular system
Trauma |
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What is and what causes hydranencephaly?
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Large portions of brain replaced by CSF
ischemia or infection |
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What is hydrocephalus?
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Accumulation of CSF
either obstructive or non-obstructive |
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What is type 1 chiari malformation?
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primary cerebellar ectopia
-cerebellar tonsils below foramen magnum -can see syringomyelia |
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What is the typical presentation of a type 1 chiari malformation?
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About 40 y.o.
pain in sub occipital region weakness, UMN signs Lhermitte sign (flex head forward, get electric feeling down back/SC) |
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What is a type 2 chiari malformation?
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Caudal medulla, pons, 4th ventricle
See in children Usually ave brainstem/cranial nerve dysfunction |
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What is a Dandy-Walker Malformation?
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Atresia of foramen of Magendie/lushka
-get enlarged posterior fossa cyst that communicates with the 4th vent |
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What are symptoms of Dandy-Walker malformation?
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Frequently get hydrocepheles
ataxia mental retardation poor fine motor control spacticity |
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What is syringomyelia?
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Cytic caviation of the SC
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What is communicating and non-communicating syringomyelia?
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Communicating affects the central cord
Non-communicating affects the cord substance |
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What is a tethered cord?
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low conus medullaris, thickened terminalis filum
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What signs and symptoms are seen with tethered cord?
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progressive scoliosis, clubbed foot, gait regression, urinary issues, cutaneous stigmata, low back or extreemity pain
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What is split cord type 1 (diastematomyelia)?
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2 hemicords in own dural tubes, boney septum
Abnormalities at split level (tuft hair or dimple) |
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What is split cord type 2 (diplomyelia)?
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2 hemicords in 1 tube, fiberous septum
tend to have spina bifida occulta in the LS region |
