Cranial Anatomy

Front 1

Back 1

Olfactory Nerve--CN I
Nasal cavity - Cribriform plate - Anterior cranial fossa - Olfactory bulb - Olfactory tract

Front 2

Back 2

Optic Nerve--CN II
Optic Canal - Middle cranial fossa - Optic Chiasm - Optic Tracts

Front 3

Back 3

Oculomotor Nerve--CN III
Superior Orbital Fissure - Brain (superior to pons)

Front 4

Back 4

Trochlear Nerve--CN IV
Superior Orbital Fissure - Lateral aspect of pons

Front 5

Back 5

Trigeminal Nerve--CN V
V1: Ophthalmic nerve
V2: Maxillary nerve
V3: Mandibular nerve

Front 6

Back 6

Ophthalmic Branch of Trigeminal Nerve--CN V1

Superior Orbital Fissure - Lateral Aspect of Pons

Front 7

Back 7

Maxillary Branch of the Trigeminal Nerve--CN V2

Foramen Rotundum - Lateral Aspect of Pons

Front 8

Back 8

Mandibular Branch of the Trigeminal Nerve--CN V3

Foramen Ovale - Lateral Aspect of Pons

Front 9

Back 9

Abducens Nerve--CN VI

Superior Orbital Fissure - Emerges between the pons (B) and medulla (C) near midline

Front 10

Back 10

Facial Nerve--CN VII

Emerges between pons (B) and medulla (C), lateral to CN VI.

It enters the petrous part of the temporal bone through the internal auditory meatus, passes through the facial canal to the geniculate ganglion, and exits the skull via the stylomastoid foramen.

Front 11

Back 11

Vestibulocochlear Nerve--CN VIII

Emerges between pons (B) and medulla (C), just inferior to CN VII

Enter the petrous part of the temporal bone through the internal auditory meatus.

Front 12

Back 12

Glossopharyngeal Nerve--CN IX

Emerges on the lateral aspect of the medulla.

Exits the cranial cavity, alongside the internal jugular vein, through the jugular foramen. This opening is located just inferior to the petrous part of the temporal bone

Front 13

Back 13

Vagus Nerve--CN X

Emerges on the lateral aspect of the medulla.

Exits the cranial cavity, alongside the internal jugular vein, through the jugular foramen

Front 14

Back 14

(Spinal) Accessory Nerve--CN XI

Emerges on the lateral aspect of the medulla. (Some fibers originate at the C1-C5 region.)
Exits the cranial cavity as CN XI through the jugular foramen.

Front 15

Back 15

Hypoglossal Nerve--CN XII

Arises off the medulla (B), medial to CN IX, X, and XI.

Exits the cranial cavity through the hypoglossal canal (C), an opening located at the base of the occipital condyles

Front 16

Name the structure(s) that pass through the Superior Orbital Fissure.

Back 16

CN III, CN IV, CN V1, CN VI, Ophthalmic veins.

Front 17

Name the structure(s) that pass through the Optic Canal.

Back 17

CN II, Ophthalmic artery

Front 18

Name the structure(s) that pass through the Inferior Orbital Fissure.

Back 18

Infraorbital Nerve (branch of CN V2)

Front 19

Name the structure(s) that pass through the Infraorbital Foramen.

Back 19

Terminal branch of CN V2, Infraorbital nerve, Infraorbital vessels.

Front 20

Name the structure(s) that pass through the Supraorbital Foramen.

Back 20

Supraorbital nerves (branches of CN V1), Supraorbital vessels

Front 21

What are the bone(s) that comprise the MEDIAL wall of the orbit?

Back 21

Lacrimal, Maxillary, Ethmoid

Front 22

What are the bone(s) that comprise the FLOOR of the orbit?

Back 22

Maxillary, Zygomatic

Front 23

What are the bone(s) that comprise the LATERAL wall of the orbit?

Back 23

Zygomatic, Sphenoid

Front 24

What are the bone(s) that comprise the ROOF of the orbit?

Back 24

Frontal

Front 25

Name the structure(s) that pass through the Mental Foramen.

Back 25

Mental nerve

Front 26

Name the structure(s) that pass through the Mandibular Foramen.

Back 26

Inferior alveolar nerve and vessels

Front 27

Name the structure(s) that pass through the Mylohyoid Groove.

Back 27

Mylohyoid Nerve

Front 28

Name the structure(s) that pass through the Foramen Rotundum.

Back 28

CN V2, pterygopalatine ganglion

Front 29

Name the structure(s) that pass through the Foramen Magnum.

Back 29

Spinal cord, Vertebral Arteries, (spinal) Accessory nerve

Front 30

Name the structure(s) that pass through the Hypoglossal Canal.

Back 30

CN XII

Front 31

Name the structure(s) that pass through the Jugular Foramen.

Back 31

Internal Jugular Vein, CN IX, CN X, CN XI

Front 32

Name the structure(s) that pass through the Stylomastoid Foramen.

Back 32

CN VII

Front 33

Name the structure(s) that pass through the Carotid Canal.

Back 33

Internal Carotid Artery

Front 34

Name the structure(s) that pass through the Foramen Lacerum.

Back 34

Nothing. In life it is plugged with cartilage.

Front 35

Name the structure(s) that pass through the Foramen Spinosum.

Back 35

Middle Meningial Artery (branch of maxillary artery)

Front 36

Name the structure(s) that pass through the Foramen Ovale.

Back 36

CN V3

Front 37

Name the structure(s) that pass through the Incisive Foramen.

Back 37

Nasopalatine Nerve, Greater Palatine Nerve

Front 38

Name the structure(s) that pass through the Internal Auditory Meatus.

Back 38

CN VII, CN VIII

Front 39

Name the major branches of the Subclavian A.

Back 39

Internal Thoracic A., Vertebral A., Thyrocervical Trunk, Dorsal Scapular A

Front 40

Name the major branches of the Thyrocervical Trunk.

Back 40

Suprascapular A., Inferior Thyroid A.

Front 41

Name the major branches of the External Carotid A.

Back 41

Superior Thyroid A., Lingual A., Facial A., Occipital A., Maxillary A., Superficial Temporal A.

Front 42

Outline the flow of blood to the brain beginning with the Internal Carotid A.

Back 42

Internal Carotid A.
Posterior Communicating A. (to Post. Cerebellar A.)
Anterior Cerebral A.
Anterior Communicating A.
Middle Cerebral A.

Front 43

Outline the flow of blood to the brain beginning with the Vertebral A.

Back 43

Vertebral AA.
Posterior Inferior Cerebellar A.
Basilar A.
Anterior Inferior Cerebellar A.
Superior Cerebellar A.
Posterior Cerebellar AA.
Posterior Communicating A. (to Int. Carotid A.)

Front 44

Outline the venous drainage of the head.

Back 44

Superior Sagittal Sinus
Confluence of Sinuses
Transverse Sinus
Sigmoid Sinus
Internal Jugular V.

Front 45

Outline venous drainage from the neck.

Back 45

Superficial Temporal V.
Maxillary V.
Retromandibular V. OR External Jugular
Facial V. V. alone
Internal Jugular V.
Subclavian V.
Brachiocephalic V.

Front 46

Name the vessels of the Circle of Willis

Back 46

Posterior Cerebral AA.
Posterior Communicating AA.
Internal Carotid AA.
Anterior Cerebral AA.
Anterior Communicating A.