Cr E-Gmat

Front 1

synopsis (n)

Back 1

pl. synopses

a summary of a piece of writing, a play, etc.

Front 2

undisputed (adj)

Back 2

= unbestritten

Front 3

sacrifice (n) / (v)

Back 3

noun:

1) the fact of giving up sth important or valuable to you in order to get or do sth that seems more important; sth that you give up in this way:
e.g. The makers of the product assured us that there had been no sacrifice of quality
e.g. Her parents made sacrifices so that she could have a good education
e.g. to make the final / supreme sacrifice (= to die for your country, to save a friend, etc.)

2) sacrifice (to sb) [C, U] the act of offering sth to a god, especially an animal that has been killed in a special way; an animal, etc. that is offered in this way:
e.g. hey offered sacrifices to the gods
e.g. a human sacrifice (= a person killed as a sacrifice)

verb:

1) sacrifice sth (for sb/sth) to give up sth that is important or valuable to you in order to get or do sth that seems more important for yourself or for another person:
e.g. She sacrificed everything for her children
e.g. The designers have sacrificed speed for fuel economy
e.g. Would you sacrifice a football game to go out with a girl?

2) to kill an animal or a person and offer it or them to a god, in order to please the god

Front 4

backward (adj)

Back 4

1) [only before noun] directed or moving towards the back:
e.g. She strode past him without a backward glance.

2) moving in a direction that means that no progress is being made
SYN = retrograde
e.g. She felt that going back to live in her home town would be a backward step

3) having made less progress than normal; developing slowly:
e.g. a backward part of the country, with no paved roads and no electricity
e.g. a backward child
e.g. (BrE, informal) She’s not backward in coming forward (= she’s not shy)

Front 5

IDIOM

at / in / to the 'forefront (of sth)

Back 5

in or into an important or leading position in a particular group or activity:

e.g. Women have always been at the forefront of the Green movement
e.g. The new product took the company to the forefront of the computer software field

Front 6

predation (n)

Back 6

(technical) the act of an animal killing and eating other animals

= Plünderung
= Raub
= räuberisches Verhalten
= Gruppenjagd

Front 7

objection (n)

Back 7

objection (to sth / to doing sth) | objection (that … ) a reason why you do not like or are opposed to sth; a statement about this:

e.g. I have no objection to him coming to stay
e.g. I’d like to come too, if you have no objection
e.g. The main objection to the plan was that it would cost too much
e.g. to raise an objection to sth
= Einspruch
= Gegenargument
= Einwand

Front 8

rotten (adj) food

Back 8

= verfault
= verdorben

Front 9

render (v)

Back 9

CAUSE SB / STH TO BE STH
(formal) to cause sb/sth to be in a particular state or condition
SYN = to make
e.g. Hundreds of people were rendered homeless by the earthquake

GIVE HELP
render sth (to sb/sth) | render (sb) sth (formal) to give sb sth, especially in return for sth or because it is expected:
e.g. to render a service to sb

PRESENT STH
(formal) to present sth, especially when it is done officially
SYN = to furnish
e.g. The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation

EXPRESS / PERFORM
(formal) to express or perform sth:
e.g. He stood up and rendered a beautiful version of ‘Summertime’

TRANSLATE
render sth (as sth) | render sth (into sth) to express sth in a different language
SYN = to translate
e.g. The Italian phrase can be rendered as ‘I did my best’

WALL
(BrE, technical) to cover a wall with a layer of plaster or cement

MELT
render sth (down) to make fat liquid by heating it; to melt sth

Front 10

detergent (n)

Back 10

a liquid or powder that helps remove dirt, for example from clothes or dishes

= Reinigungsmittel
= Waschmittel

Front 11

foreshadow (v)

Back 11

(formal) to be a sign of sth that will happen in the future

Front 12

entitle (v)

(in'taitl)

Back 12

1) [often passive] entitle sb to sth to give sb the right to have or to do sth:
e.g. You will be entitled to your pension when you reach 65
e.g. Everyone’s entitled to their own opinion
e.g. This ticket does not entitle you to travel first class
= berechtigen

2) [usually passive] to give a title to a book, play, etc.:
e.g. He read a poem entitled ‘Salt’
= benennen
= titulieren

Front 13

lane (n)

Back 13

1) a narrow road in the country:
e.g. winding country lanes
e.g. We drove along a muddy lane to reach the farmhouse

2) (especially in place names) a street, often a narrow one with buildings on both sides:
e.g. The quickest way is through the back lanes behind the bus station

3) a section of a wide road, that is marked by painted white lines, to keep lines of traffic separate:
e.g. the inside / middle lane

4) a narrow marked section of a track or a swimming pool that is used by one person taking part in a race:
e.g. The Australian in lane four is coming up fast from behind

5) a route used by ships or aircraft on regular journeys:
e.g. one of the world’s busiest shipping / sea lanes

Front 14

assimilate (v)

(e'simileit)

Back 14

1) to fully understand an idea or some information so that you are able to use it yourself:
e.g. The committee will need time to assimilate this report

2) assimilate (sb) (into / to sth) to become, or allow sb to become, a part of a country or community rather than remaining in a separate group:
e.g. New arrivals find it hard to assimilate
e.g. Immigrants have been successfully assimilated into the community

3) [often passive] assimilate sth into / to sth to make an idea, a person’s attitude, etc. fit into sth or be acceptable:
e.g. These changes were gradually assimilated into everyday life

Front 15

loom (v)

('luum)

Back 15

1) to appear as a large shape that is not clear, especially in a frightening or threatening way:
e.g. A dark shape loomed up ahead of us
= auftauchen
= sich anbahnen
= sich andeuten

2) to appear important or threatening and likely to happen soon:
e.g. There was a crisis looming
= sich abzeichnen
= sich anbahnen

Front 16

cornerstone (n)

Back 16

1) (especially NAmE) a stone at the corner of the base of a building, often laid in a special ceremony

2) the most important part of sth that the rest depends on:
e.g. This study is the cornerstone of the whole research programme
= Grundstein
= Meilenstein

Front 17

foment (v)

(fou'ment)

Back 17

(formal) to create trouble or violence or make it worse
SYN = to incite
e.g. They accused him of fomenting political unrest
= aufhetzen
= schüren

Front 18

curb (v) / (n)

('köörb)

Back 18

verb:

1) to control or limit sth, especially sth bad
SYN = to check
e.g. He needs to learn to curb his temper
e.g. A range of policies have been introduced aimed at curbing inflation

noun:

1) curb (on sth) something that controls and puts limits on sth:
e.g. curbs on government spending

2) (NAmE) = kerb

Front 19

stigma (n)

Back 19

1) feelings of disapproval that people have about particular illnesses or ways of behaving:
e.g. the social stigma of alcoholism
e.g. There is no longer any stigma attached to being divorced

2) (biology) the part in the middle of a flower where pollen is received

Front 20

shun (v)

('schann)

Back 20

(-nn-) [vn] to avoid sb/sth:

e.g. She was shunned by her family when she remarried
e.g. an actor who shuns publicity

Front 21

disguise (v) / (n)

(dis'gaais)

Back 21

verb:

1) disguise sb (as sb/sth) to change your appearance so that people cannot recognize you:
e.g. The hijackers were heavily disguised
e.g. She disguised herself as a boy
e.g. They got in disguised as security guards
= tarnen
= verkleiden
= verschleiern

2) to hide sth or change it, so that it cannot be recognized
SYN = to conceal
e.g. She made no attempt to disguise her surprise
e.g. It was a thinly disguised attack on the President
e.g. She couldn’t disguise the fact that she felt uncomfortable
= verheimlichen
= verstecken
= verbergen

noun:

1) a thing that you wear or use to change your appearance so that people do not recognize you:
e.g. She wore glasses and a wig as a disguise
= Tarnung

2) the art of changing your appearance so that people do not recognize you:
e.g. He is a master of disguise
= Verkleidung
= Verschleierung
= Tarnung

Front 22

acclaim (v) / (n)

(e'kleim)

Back 22

verb:

[usually passive] acclaim sb/sth (as sth) to praise or welcome sb/sth publicly:
e.g. a highly / widely acclaimed performance
e.g. The work was acclaimed as a masterpiece
= applaudieren
= bejubeln

noun:
praise and approval for sb/sth, especially an artistic achievement:
e.g. international / popular / critical acclaim
= Jubel
= Beifall
= Zustimmung

Front 23

diet (n)

Back 23

1) = Ernährung

2) = Diät

Front 24

sugar beet (n)

Back 24

= Zuckerrübe

Front 25

recoup (v)

Back 25

to get back an amount of money that you have spent or lost
SYN = to recover
e.g. We hope to recoup our initial investment in the first year
= wieder reinholen
= entschädigen

Front 26

reimburse (v)

('ri-imbörs)

Back 26

reimburse sb (for sth) (formal) to pay back money to sb which they have spent or lost:
e.g. We will reimburse any expenses incurred
e.g. You will be reimbursed for any loss or damage caused by our company
= entschädigen
= zurückerstatten

Front 27

vicinity (n)

(we'siniti)

Back 27

[sing.] the area around a particular place:
e.g. Crowds gathered in the vicinity of Trafalgar Square
e.g. There is no hospital in the immediate vicinity
= nähere Umgebung
= Nachbarschaft
= Gegend

Front 28

contain (v)

Back 28

1) if sth contains sth else, it has that thing inside it or as part of it:
e.g. This drink doesn’t contain any alcohol
e.g. Her statement contained one or two inaccuracies

2) to keep your feelings under control
SYN = to restrain
e.g. She was unable to contain her excitement
e.g. I was so furious I just couldn’t contain myself (= I had to express my feelings)

3) to prevent sth harmful from spreading or getting worse:
e.g. to contain an epidemic
e.g. Government forces have failed to contain the rebellion

Front 29

corroborate (v)

(ko'robereit)

Back 29

[often passive] (formal) to provide evidence or information that supports a statement, theory, etc.
SYN = to confirm
e.g. The evidence was corroborated by two independent witnesses
e.g. corroborating evidence

noun = corroboration

Front 30

stamina (n)

('stamina)

Back 30

the physical or mental strength that enables you to do sth difficult for long periods of time:
e.g. It takes a lot of stamina to run a marathon
= Ausdauer
= Kondition
= Durchaltevermögen

Front 31

prescribe (v)

(pri'skraib)

Back 31

1) prescribe (sb) sth (for sth) (of a doctor) to tell sb to take a particular medicine or have a particular treatment; to write a prescription for a particular medicine, etc.:
e.g. Valium is usually prescribed to treat anxiety
e.g. He may be able to prescribe you something for that cough
= verschreiben
= Rezept ausstellen
= verordnen (medicine)

2) (used about a person or an organization with authority) to say what should be done or how sth should be done
SYN = to stipulate
e.g. The prescribed form must be completed and returned to this office
e.g. Police regulations prescribe that an officer’s number must be clearly visible
e.g. The syllabus prescribes precisely which books should be studied
= verordnen
= anordnen
= vorgeben

Front 32

decompose (v)

(dicom'pous)

Back 32

1) to be destroyed gradually by natural chemical processes
SYN = to decay
SYN = to rot
e.g. As the waste materials decompose, they produce methane gas
e.g. a decomposed body
= zerfallen
= verwesen
= verrotten
= verfaulen
= sich zersetzen
= sich auflösen

2) decompose (sth) (into sth) (technical) to divide sth into smaller parts; to divide into smaller parts
= zerteilen
= zerlegen

noun = decomposition
e.g. the decomposition of organic waste
= Abbau (chem, bio)
= Zersetzung
etc.

Front 33

assurance (n)

(e'schjurens)

Back 33

1) a statement that sth will certainly be true or will certainly happen, particularly when there has been doubt about it
SYN = guarantee
SYN = promise
e.g. They called for assurances that the government is committed to its education policy
e.g. Unemployment seems to be rising, despite repeated assurances to the contrary

2) (also selfassurance) belief in your own abilities or strengths
SYN = confidence
e.g. There was an air of easy assurance and calm about him

3) (BrE) a type of insurance in which money is paid out when sb dies or after an agreed period of time:
e.g. a life assurance company

Front 34

tariff (n)

Back 34

1) a tax that is paid on goods coming into or going out of a country

2) a list of fixed prices that are charged by a hotel or restaurant for rooms, meals, etc., or by a company for a particular service

3) (BrE, law) a level of punishment for sb who has been found guilty of a crime

Front 35

viable (adj)

('waiebl)

Back 35

1) that can be done; that will be successful
SYN = feasible
e.g. a viable option / proposition
e.g. There is no viable alternative
e.g. to be commercially / politically / financially / economically viable

2) (biology) capable of developing and surviving independently:
e.g. viable organisms

noun = viability
e.g. commercial viability
= Durchführbarkeit
= Funktionsfähigkeit
= Überlebensfähigkeit

Front 36

tenuous (adj)

('tenjues)

Back 36

1) so weak or uncertain that it hardly exists:
e.g. a tenuous hold on life
e.g. His links with the organization turned out to be, at best, tenuous

2) extremely thin and easily broken

Front 37

resentment (n)

(ri'sentment)

Back 37

a feeling of anger or unhappiness about sth that you think is unfair:
e.g. to feel / harbour / bear resentment towards / against sb
e.g. She could not conceal the deep resentment she felt at the way she had been treated
= Feindseligkeit
= Ärger
= Missgunst
= Groll
= Unmut

Front 38

stall (n) / (v)

('stool)

Back 38

1) a table or small shop with an open front that people sell things from, especially at a market
SYN = stand
e.g. a market stall

2) a section inside a farm building that is large enough for one animal to be kept in

3) (especially NAmE) a small area in a room, surrounded by glass, walls, etc., that contains a shower or toilet

4) the stalls (also the 'orchestra stalls) (both BrE) [pl.] (NAmE the orchestra [sing.]) the seats that are nearest to the stage in a theatre:
e.g. the front row of the stalls

5) the seats at the front of a church where the choir (= singers) and priests sit

6) a situation in which a vehicle’s engine suddenly stops because it is not getting enough power

7) a situation in which an aircraft loses speed and goes steeply downwards

verb:

1) (of a vehicle or an engine) to stop suddenly because of a lack of power or speed; to make a vehicle or engine do this:
e.g. The car stalled and refused to start again

2) stall (on / over sth) to try to avoid doing sth or answering a question so that you have more time:
e.g. They are still stalling on the deal
e.g. ‘What do you mean?’ she asked, stalling for time

3) to make sb wait so that you have more time to do sth:
e.g. See if you can stall her while I finish searching her office

4) to stop sth from happening until a later date; to stop making progress:
e.g. attempts to revive the stalled peace plan
e.g. Discussions have once again stalled

Front 39

embed (v)

(im'bed)

Back 39

1) embed sth (in sth) to fix sth firmly into a substance or solid object:
e.g. an operation to remove glass that was embedded in his leg
e.g. The bullet embedded itself in the wall
e.g. (figurative) These attitudes are deeply embedded in our society (= felt very strongly and difficult to change)

2) to send a journalist, photographer, etc. to an area where there is fighting, so that he or she can travel with the army and report what is happening:
e.g. embedded reporters in the war zone

3) (linguistics) to place a sentence inside another sentence. In the sentence ‘I’m aware that she knows’, she knows is an embedded sentence

Front 40

treadmill (n)

('tredmill)

Back 40

1) [sing.] work or a way of life that is boring or tiring because it involves always doing the same things:
e.g. I’d like to escape the office treadmill


2) (especially in the past) a large wheel turned by the weight of people or animals walking on steps around its inside edge, and used to operate machinery

3) an exercise machine that has a moving surface that you can walk or run on while remaining in the same place

Front 41

venom (n)

('wenem)

Back 41

1) the poisonous liquid that some snakes, spiders, etc. produce when they bite or sting you
= Gift
= Tiergift

2) (formal) strong bitter feeling; hatred and a desire to hurt sb:
e.g. a look of pure venom
= Bosheit

Front 42

paddy (n)

Back 42

(also paddy field) a field in which rice is grown:
e.g. a rice paddy

2) (BrE, informal) a state of being angry or in a bad mood
SYN = temper
e.g. The news put him in a bit of a paddy
= Wutanfall
= Ärger

Front 43

revamp (v)

(ri'wämp)

Back 43

to make changes to the form of sth, usually to improve its appearance

Front 44

credible (adj)

Back 44

1) that can be believed or trusted
SYN = convincing
e.g. a credible explanation / witness

2) that can be accepted, because it seems possible that it could be successful
SYN = viable
e.g. Community service is seen as the only credible alternative to imprisonment

Front 45

prime of life

Back 45

= beste Jahre des Lebens

Front 46

reconcile (v)

Back 46

1) reconcile sth (with sth) to find an acceptable way of dealing with two or more ideas, needs, etc. that seem to be opposed to each other:
e.g. an attempt to reconcile the need for industrial development with concern for the environment
e.g. It was hard to reconcile his career ambitions with the needs of his children

2) [usually passive] reconcile sb (with sb) to make people become friends again after an argument or a disagreement:
e.g. The pair were reconciled after Jackson made a public apology
e.g. He has recently been reconciled with his wife

3) reconcile sb / yourself (to sth) to make sb/yourself accept an unpleasant situation because it is not possible to change it
SYN = to resign yourself to
e.g. He could not reconcile himself to the prospect of losing her