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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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I. Valley Civilization 5000 BC Nile River settled by ______. |
Egyptians |
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II. Gift of the River 1. Nile provided water for ___, ____, and to grow ______. |
Drinking, bathing, crops |
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2. World's longest river _________ |
Nile, 4000 miles |
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III. Protected Land 1. Nile borders largest ________ to the west ________ and to the east ___________. |
Deserts, Libyan Desert, Eastern Desert |
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2. To south _____ prevented ships from attacking Egypt. |
Cataracts |
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3. To the north _______ stopped invaders from Mediterranean Sea. |
Delta |
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4. Egyptians rarely faced ______ so civilization developed _______.. |
Invasion, peacefully |
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People I. Flooding was seasonal and predictable 2. Left thick _______ for farming |
Fertile soil |
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II. Farming 1. Grew ______, _______, and ______. |
Wheat, barley, flax |
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2. Dry season _____ crops. |
Irrigated |
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3. Developed new tools for watering crops - a ______. |
Shadoof |
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4. After floods used ______ to remeasure fields. |
Geometry |
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Gathered _____ along Nile to weave _____, _______, _______, and river rafts. |
Papyrus, rope, sandals, baskets |
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Later papyrus used to make _______. |
Paper |
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I. Forming Kingdoms Need for organized government: 1. To oversee construction and repair of _____ and ______ 2. To develop process for storing and distributing ______ during ______ 3. To settle __________ |
Ditches, dams Grain, farming Conflicts over land ownership |
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By 4000 BC Egypt made of two large kingdoms 1. Upper Egypt-located in southern central ______ 2. Lower Egypt-Nile's ________ |
1. Nile River Valley 2. North delta |
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II. Narmer 3100 B. C. Narmer King of ________ Conquered army of ______ Married princess of _____ which unified two kingdoms First time all of Egypt ruled by _____ Established ____ as new capital |
Upper Egypt Lower Egypt Lower Egypt One King Memphis |
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Egypt's Early Rulers 1. When Egyptian civilization enter the Old Kingdom? 2. What is government called when the same person is the political and religious leader? |
1. Around 2600 BC 2. Theocracy |
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Pharaoh's Responsibility: Political: 1. held total _______ 2. His ______ had to be obeyed 3. Appointed _____ to carry out his orders 4. Owned all ______ could use as he pleased 5. Collected ______ 6. Distributed ____ to officials, priests, wealthy people |
1. Power 2. Commands 3. Bureaucrats 4. Land 5. Taxes 6. Land |
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Pharaoh's Responsibility: 1. _____ on earth protected Egypt 2. Participated in religious ceremonies to help ______ grow |
1. God 2. Egypt |
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A Political Leader: 1. What was an Egyptian ruler called? |
Pharaoh |
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Who carried out the pharaoh's orders to repair dams, irrigation canals, and granaries? |
Bureaucrats |
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Who owned the land in Egypt? |
Pharaoh |
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What did the pharaoh collect as tax payments? |
Grain from farmers |
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A Religious Leader: 1. Who did the Egyptians think the pharaoh was a son to? |
Re |
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Give two examples of how the pharaoh helped the kingdom thrive. |
1. Rode a bull around Memphis. 2. He was the first person to cut the ripened grain at harvest time. |
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Religion in Egypt: 1. What two things did the Egyptians believe their gods controlled? 2. Name two of the most important gods of Egypt. |
1. Natural forces, human activities 2. Re (sun god) and Hapi (river god) |
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The Afterlife: 1. What was in the Book of the Dead? 2. What did they do to bodies so they would be protected? |
1. Prayers and magic spells to prepare for after life. 2. Embalm the body |
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Medical Skills: 1. How did Egyptians learn about the human body? 2. What were the Egyptians the first to use? |
1. By embalming 2. Splints, bandages, and compresses |
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Pyramid Tombs: 1. A pyramid is a _______ for the pharaoh. 2. From what did the pyramids protect the dead pharaoh? 3. What was placed with the pharaoh? |
1. Tomb 2. The bodies of dead pharaoh from floods, wild animals, and robber 3. Personal belongings---pharaoh's clothing, weapons, furniture, jewelry |
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Social Groups: Upper Class (3) Middle Class (3) Lower Class (3) ______Class |
1. Priests, novels, army commanders 2. Scribes, traders (merchants), artisans 3. Farmer, unskilled workers, slaves : largest |
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Egyptian Families: 1. What was the most important group in ancient Egyptian society? 2. Who was the head of the family? 3. What rights did an Egyptian woman have? 4. What did girls learn? 5. What did boys learn? |
1. Family 2. Father 3. Served as priest, managing temples, and performing religious ceremonies 4. Sewing, cooking, and how to run a household 5. Learned farming, or other trades from their fathers. |
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What was the time of the Middle Kingdom? |
2055 BC-1650 BC |
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Where was the capital moved to in this period? |
Thebes |
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Which territories were conquered by Egypt? |
Nubia and present day Syria |
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How did the pharaoh so add to the kingdoms wealth? |
Demanded tribute from conquered people |
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Which improvements did the pharaoh so make? (3) |
1. Added thousands of acres to the land already being farmed (increased crop production) 2. Made more irrigation dams and channels (supplied more water to the population). 3. Ordered the construction of a canal between the Nile River and the Red Sea (made it able to send goods south by ship through the Red Sea) |
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Where did pharaoh begin to be buried? |
Valley of the Kings |
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Who invaded Egypt? |
Hyksos |
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How did the invaders defeat the Egyptians? |
Horse drawn chariots Weapons made of iron and bronze |
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Pharaohs of the New Kingdom Gained more ____ by conquest Wealth grew from ____ - Egyptians traded wheat, paper, metal tools, and weapons for gold, ivory, incense from East Africa, and wood and furniture from the Phoenicians. Developed ____ ties with nearby kingdoms Exchanged envoys or _____ Reached the height of Egypt's _____ |
Land Trade Political Representatives Power |
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Ahmose Egyptian prince drove _____ out of Egypt c. 1550 BC Founded a new dynasty which began _______ |
Hyksos New Kingdom |
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Hathshesput Female pharaoh dressed in ____ of male pharaoh-wore _____ to copy male pharaoh Promoted ____ instead of ____ Tomb in ____. |
Clothes False beard Trade, war Valley of Kings |
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Thutmose III Nephew of Hathsheput Built strong _____ Conquered many land expanded Egypt's _____ ____ became more common |
Army Empire Slavery |
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Amenhotep IV Wife Nefertiti Began new religion - only one God -Aton-_____ Changed his name to _____ "Spirit of Aton" Capital moved from Thebes to new city called _____ Weak ruler-lost most of its land in Western Asia |
Sun God Akhenaton Akhenaton |
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Tutankhamen Son of Akhenaton Became____ at age 9 Restored worship of many _______ Died at _______ ______discovered Tut's tomb in 1922 |
Pharaoh God and goddesses 19 Howard Carter |
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Ramses II Most successful pharaoh Ruled for ____ years Regained land for Egypt through war Built many _____ to help with economy Built ____ a temple at Thebes |
66 Temples and monuments Karnak |
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Egypt's decline After the death of ____ Invaded by enemies-Libyans, then people of ____, finally _____ of Mesopotamia. |
Ramses II Kush Assyrians |
