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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How do most learning theorist explain learning?
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Theorist explain learning as a process tha mediates behavior, that there is some underlying mechanism that explain how learning occurs.
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What is the basic definition od Applied Behavior Analysis.
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The application of behavior princeples to personal and social problems in the world.
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What is the basic assumption of Behavior Analysis.
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We do what we do because of what happens to us - meaning we do what we do because of the consequences of out behavior.
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What are the two types of learning associated with behavior analyis?
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Classical Conditioning and Operant conditioning.
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What is an unconditioned stimulus. What does it cost?
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A stimulus which involuntary elicits an unconditioned response. I.E. food cause salivation
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What is a Neutral Stimulus? Initially what is the effect of it's presentation?
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a stimulus that does not cause any behavior to occur. Initially it cause nothing.
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What is a Conditioned Stimulus? What is it's relationship to a Neutral Stimulus?
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a previously neutral stimulus is paired with an unconditioned stimulus which produces an unconditioned response. The neutral stimulus becomes a conditioned stimulus when it can porduce a response.
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What is the relationship between an Unconditioned Response and a Conditioned Response?
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the conditioned response is the response that is illicited when a stimulus is presented. (the food was the unconditioned stimuls, ell is conditioned stimulus.
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What is the sequence of conditioning in the Classical Conditioning process?
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US when presented intially causes UR
NS/CS when presented initially causes nothing (NS repeatedly paired with US, the NS becomes CS) CS when presented causes CR |
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What is the ABC model of Operant Conditioning?
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A= Antecedent
B= Behavior C= Consequence |
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What are antecedents?
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events or stimuli that occur before the behavior. They are also Discriminative stimuli.
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What are discriminative stimuli?
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stimuli that indicate the probability of a particular type of consequence that occurs following a behavior.
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What are consequences?
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What happens after a behavior has occured.
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Define positive, negative, and neutral consequences.
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Positive: consequences that we like ( food, money)
Negative: consequences that we do not like (beign yelled at) Neutral: consequences that we do not care about. |
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Consequences can be either ________ or ________ following a behvior.
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presented or removed
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What are the 4 types of consequence procedures (Figure 1.0)
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1. positive reinforcement
2. Negative reinforcement 3. Type I punishment 4. Type II punishment |
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What is positive reinforcement?
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a positive consequence that increases a behavior
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How do you know that a consequence was a positive reinforcer?
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The behavior will increase.
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What is negative reinforcement?
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The removal of a negative consequence following a behavior that increases the occurrence of the behavior.
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What is Type I Punishment?
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AKA: presentation punishment or positive punishment)
the presentation of a negative consequence, following the behavior, that decreases the occurrence of the behavior. |
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What is Type II Punishment?
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AKA: removal punishment or negative punishment
the removal of a positive consequence that results in a decrease in behavior. |
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What is escape conditioning?
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example of negative reinforcement. An aversive stimulus is presented and you do something to escape the consequence.
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How is avoidance conditioning different from escape conditioning?
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Avoidance conditioning requires a discriminative stimulus to be added to become a negative reinforcer. Here the organism can avoid the negative consequence by engaging in another response (redirection instead of escape)
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What 2 consequences increase behavior?
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Positive and negative reinforcement
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What 2 consequences decrease behavior?
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Type I, or positive, punishment and Type II, or negative, punishment.
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Why do we say that consequences are defined by their effect on the behavior?
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Did it increase or decreasethe behavior
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What is the effect of a neutral consequence on behavior?
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they have no effect on the rate of behavior
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What is the key tennant of Proactive Programming?
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For every excessive behavior there is a corresponding deficit behavior.
teach people what to do as opposed to what not to do. Teaches functional skills by utilizing the principles of positive reinforcement. |
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Why shouldn't we use punishment procedures?
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Because punishment tells you what not to do, however, it never tells you what you should do.
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What are the 6 characteristics of Proactive staff?
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1. Knows the individuals past
2. Knows the individuals present 3. Knows the individuals future 4. Knows the agency 5. Is a professional not an employee 6. Works for and with the person |
