Cpsc 207 Saint Mary's College

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class

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1) a Java reserved word used to define a class
2) the blueprint of an object- the model that defines the variables and methods an object will contain when instantiated

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instance

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-an object created from a class
-multiple objects can be instantiated from a single class

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instance method

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-a method that must be invoked through a particular instance of a class, as opposed to a class method

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instance variable

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-a variable that must be referenced through a particular instance of a class, as opposed to a class variable

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class method

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-a method that can be invoked using only a class name
-an instantiated object in not required as it is with instance methods

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"static"

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the reserved word in java which is used to define a class method and a class variable

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class variable

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-a variable that is shared among all objects of a class
-it can also be referenced through the class name, w/o instantiating any object of that class

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object

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1) primary software construct in the object-oriented paradigm
2) an encapsulated collection of data variables and methods
3) an instance of a class

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variable

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an identifier in a program that represents a memory location in which a data value is stored

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compiler

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a program that translates code from one language to equivalent code in another language
-Java compiler translates Java source code into Java bytecode

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interpreter

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-a program that translates and executes code on a particular machine
-the Java interpreter translates and executes Java bytecode

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what does each object have?

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each ___ has a state, defined by its attributes, and a set of behaviors, defined by its methods

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\b

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backspace

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\t

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tab

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\n

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newline

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\r

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carriage return

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\"

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double quote

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\'

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single quote

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\\

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backslash

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escape sequence

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used to represent a character that would otherwise cause compilation problems

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constant

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identifiers which hold a particular value for the duration of their existence

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the eight primitive data types

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the following are what?
1)four subsets of integers- byte, short, int, long
2)two subsets of floating point- float, double
3)a character data type- char
4)a boolean data type- boolean

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"byte"

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8 bits of storage space (min value: -128, max value: 127)

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"short"

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-two byte integer
-16 bits
-min value: -32,768
-max value: 32, 767

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"int"

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-32 bits
-min value: -2,150,000,000
-max value: 2, 150,000,000
-Java assumes all integer literals are of this type

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"long"

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-64 bits
-min val: -9,200,000,000,000,000,000
-max val: 9,200,000,000,000,000,000
-integer is recognized as not "int" if it has an "L" or "l" appended to end

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"float"

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-32 bits
-min val: approx -3.4E+38, w 7 sig digit
-max val: approx 3.4e+38 w 7 sig digits
-point literals with "F" or "f" attached to end

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"double"

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-64 bits
-min val: apprx -1.7E+308 w 15 sig digit
-max val: apprx 1.7E+308 w 15 sig digit
-point literals with "D" or "d" attached to end

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"char"

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-American Standard Code for Information Interchange uses 7 bits per character, providing room for 128 characters
-uppercase letters
-lowercase letters
-punctuation (.,;)
-digits 0-9
-special symbols (&|\)
-control characters (carriage return, null, end-of-text marks)

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"boolean"

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-only two valid values: "true" and "false"
-used to indicate if a particular condition is true
-can be used to represent any situation that has two states

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"/"

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divides, returning the whole number

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"%"

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divides, returning the remainder

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operator precedence

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1)parentheses
2)multiplication, division, remainder operator
3)addition, subtraction

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-unary plus and unary minus
-assignment
(precedence associates)

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Right to Left

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-multiplication, division, remainder
-addition, subtraction, string concatenation
(precedence associates)

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Left to Right

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"count++;" and "++count;" is same as

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"count=count+1;" is same as

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"total += 5;" is same as

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"total = total + 5;" is same as

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"result *= count1 + count2;" is same as

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"result = result * (count1+count2);" is same as

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Scanner (InputStream source)
Scanner (File source)
Scanner (String source)

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constructors: sets up the new scanner to scan values from the specified source

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String next()

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returns the next input token as a character string

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String nextLine()

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returns all input remaining on the current line as a character string

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boolean nextBoolean()
byte nextByte()
double nextDouble()
float nextFloat()
int nextInt()
long nextLong()
short nextShort()

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-returns the next input token as the indicated type
-throws "InputMismatchException" if the the next token is inconsistent with the type

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boolean hasNext()

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returns true if the scanner has another token in its input

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Scanner useDelimiter(String pattern)
Scanner useDelimiter(Pattern pattern)

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sets the scanner's delimiting pattern

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Pattern delimiter()

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returns the pattern the scanner is currently using to match the delimiters

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String findInLine (String pattern)
String findInLine (Pattern pattern)

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attempts to find the next occurenc of the specified pattern, ignoring delimiters

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"new" operator

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returns a reference to a newly created object

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"String" object

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-once created, cannot be lengthened or shortened, and is ergo considered immutable
-the first character is numbered 0

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String (String str)

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constructor: creates a new string object with the same characters as "str"

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char charAt (int index)

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returns the character at the specified index

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int compareTo (String str)

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returns an integer indicating if this string is lexically before (a negative return value), equal to (a zero return value), or lexically after (a positive return value), the string "str"

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String concat (String str)

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returns a new string consisting of this string concatenated with "str"

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boolean equals (String str)

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returns true if this string contains the same characters as str (including case) and false otherwise

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boolean equalsIgnoreCase (String str)

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returns true if this string contains the same characters as str (w/o regards to case) and false otherwise

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int length()

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returns the number of characters in this string

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String replace (char oldChar, char newChar)

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returns a new string that is identical with this string except that every occurance of oldChar is replaced by newChar.

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String substring (int offset, int endIndex)

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returns a new string that is a subset of this string starting at index offset and extending through endIndex-1.

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String toLowercase()

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returns a new string identical to this string except all uppercase letters are converted to their lowercase equivalent

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String toUppercase()

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returns a new string identical to this string except all lowercase letters are converted to their uppercase equivalent

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in order to use a method of a class you must ___

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to ___ you must invoke it with the form variable._____

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java.applet package

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provides support to create programs (applets) that are easily transported accross the Web

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java.io package

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provides support to perform a wide variety of input and output functions

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java.lang package

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provides general support; it is automatically imported into all Java programs

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java.math package

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provides support to perform calculations with arbitrarily high precision

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java.text package

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provides support to format text for output

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java.util package

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provides support for general utilities

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Random ()

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Constructor: creates a new pseudorandom number generator

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float nextFloat ( )

(method in Random class)

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returns a random number between 0.0 (inclusive) and 1.0 (exclusive)

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int nextInt ( )

(method in Random class)

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returns a random number that ranges over all possible int values (positive and negative)

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int nextInt (int num)

(method in Random class)

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returns a random number in the range 0 to num-1

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Random class is part of which class

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___ is part of the java.util class

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2 methods of the NumberFormat class

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getCurrencyInstance() -returns a NumberFormat object that represents a currency format for the current locale
getPercentInstance() -returns a NumberFormat object that represents a percentage format for the current locale