Cps Management Chapter 6

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A device used to collect and summarize information and is sometimes called a ledger account. (6)

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Account

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The process of recording, measuring, summarizing, analyzing, and interpreting financial information and communicating this information to various users for decision-making purposes. (6)

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Accounting

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Any business, individual, or not-for-profit organization whose financial affairs can be viewed as distinct from those of any other entity or unit. (6)

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Accounting entity

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A representation of the following relationship: Assets are equal to liabilities plus owners' equity. (Assets = Liabilities + Owners' Equity). (6)

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Accounting equation

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The accrual concept states that revenues should be reported when earned rather than when the cash is received, and expenses should be reported when incurred rather than when paid. (6)

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Accrual

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Economic resources from which an owner can expect to receive benefits now or in the future. (6)

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Assets

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Consists of an independent auditor (SPC) reviewing a company's financial statements to determine their conformity with generally accepted accounting principles. (6)

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Audit (independent external)

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The principle of conservatism requires that when doubt exists about the valuation of an asset or the recording of an accounting transaction, the accounting method that is the least likely to overstate income and financial position should be chose. (6)

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Conservatism

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The accounting principle that requires that once an accounting or reporting method is selected, it should be used from one period to another. (6)

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Consistency

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A separate legal entity created by state or federal law and is also a separate accounting entity that usually has the same legal rights and obligations as individuals. A corporation issues shares of capital stock in exchange for money, assets, or services. (6)

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Corporation

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An entry recorded on the right side of a T-account. (6)

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Credit

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An entry recorded on the left side of a T-account. (6)

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Debit

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The recording of an equal amount of debits and credits, and it is also sometimes referred to as the duality concept. By recording data in this fashion, a periodic check of the equality of the total debit and credit balances in the accounts can be made and used to help discover errors made in recording transactions. (6)

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Double-entry accounting

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Since accountants divide the life of an entity into arbitrary periodic time intervals, much of what is included in financial reports is an estimate, which results in many of the amounts included in the periodic financial reports being estimated. (6)

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Estimation

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The costs of goods and services consumed (used up) by the entity as a result of earning revenue. (6)

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Expenses

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Users of accounting data that are outside or external to the company's management. (6)

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External users

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The standard general-purpose reports of a company and includes the balance sheet (statement of financial position), the income statement, the statement of retained earnings, and the statement of cash flows. (6)

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Financial statements

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An accounting period that consists of 12 consecutive months. A fiscal period may follow the calendar year of the natural business year. (6)

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Fiscal year

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Requires that all information that may be relevant to decision makers be communicated to them through the financial statements. (6)

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Full disclosure

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A set of rules that govern the format of the financial statements and the methods of recording the data summarized within them. (6)

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Generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP)

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In accounting, the going-concern assuption states that the accountant assumes that the entity is going to exist for an indefinite period of time. (6)

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Going concern

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The original purchase cost that sould be used to value assets for financial statement purposes. (6)

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Historical cost

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The managers of a business represent one important group of users of accounting information and are generally referred to as internal users of accounting data. (6)

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Internal users

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Books of original entry where transactions are recorded in chronological order. (6)

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Journal

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A record of all the accounts maintained by an entity. (6)

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Ledger

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An obligation or debt of an entity that is owed to other parties. (6)

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Liability

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The matching principle states that expenses incurred in earning revenues should be matched with those revenues to determine net income. Therefore, expenses should be reported in the same period as the revenues to which they correspond. (6)

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Matching

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Refers to the relative importance of an item or event ot the decisions that users will be making. If an item is very insignificant compared to other items, it is not necessary to follow accounting theory precisely. In determining materiality, the important consideration is whether knowledge of the item would influence the decisions of users. (6)

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Materiality

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A common unit of measure must be used for recording economic events. In accounting, money is that unit of measure and is known as the money measurement or monetary unit principle. (6)

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Money measurement

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Represents the resources invested in the business by owners. Owners' equity is a residual claim, which means that, legally, the claims of creditors (liabilities) come first and that owners are entitled to whatever remains after creditors are paid. (6)

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Owners' equity

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A business with two or more owners who have agreed to operate as co-owners, and who share the profits and losses of the business in an agreed-on proportion. For most purposes a partnership is not a separate legal entity from its owners; however, it is a separate accounting entity. (6)

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Partnership

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The life of an entity must be divided into time intervals for reporting purposes, as decision makers need accounting information about the entity periodically to make decisions. Therefore, the accountant must make periodic reports about the economic affairs of the entity. (6)

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Periodicity

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The transfer of information from the journal to the ledger. (6)

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Posting

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Requires that accounting information must make a difference in the specific decisions that are to be made from the information. (6)

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Relevance

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Earnings resulting from the receipt of cash or other assets (or the reduction of a liability) in exchange for goods sold by an entity or services performed by an entity. (6)

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Revenue

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The owners of the corporation and those who own capital stock in the corporation. (6)

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Shareholders

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A business owned by one individual; not a separate legal entity from its owner, although it is a separate accounting entity. (6)

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Sole proprietorship

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Assumes that a dollar today is worth the same amount as a dollar used to buy an asset in the past. (6)

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Stable dollar concept

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The owners of the corporation and those who own capital stock in the corporation. (6)

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Stockholders

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Represents the resources invested in the business by owners. Stockholders' equity is a residual claim, which means that, legally, the claims of creditors (liabilities) come first and that owners are entitled to whatever remains after creditors are paid. (6)

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Stockholders' equity

Front 41

A trail balance is a listing of all the ledger account balances. (6)

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Trial balance