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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What % of smoker's have COPD?
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20%
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What % of COPD is caused by smoking?
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90-99
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COPD is an obstructive or restrictive lung disease?
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obstructive
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Cigarette smoking leads to a slowly progressive, ____ chronic airflow obstruction.
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non-reversible
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T/F
COPD is reversible. |
false is a non-reversible condition
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What are the 2 classic definitions of COPD?
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chronic bronchitis
emphysema |
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___ is a lung condition on most days for 3 months in 2 consecutive years.
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chronic bronchitis
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COPD is often excerbated by what?
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infection
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What are the most common bugs involved with COPD excerbations?
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s. pneumonia
h. influenza moraxella |
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What condition is classified as:
-hyperplasia of mucus secreting glands -excessive mucus production -neutrophil inflammation in bronchioles -narrowing of the bronchiole lumen |
chronic bronchitis/airway obstruction
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What condition is described as:
-destruction of alveolar tissue/walls -enlargement of the airspaces -loss of lung elasticity -poor ciliary function |
emphysema
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Infections account for __% of COPD excerbations.
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75%
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What other factors can excerbate COPD?
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viral infections
pollutants inhaled irritants |
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T/F
Sarcoidosis is a restrictive lung disease |
true
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What are common s/s of COPD?
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chronic cough
dyspnea wheezing excessive sputum production pursed lip breathing tri-pod position use of accessory muscles |
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T/F
Lung sounds to percussion of COPD will sound of typany. |
false, they will sound hyperresonance
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COPD can develop into what 2 conditions?
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pulmonary htn
cor pulmonale (leads to JVD and peripheral edema) |
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What will a CXR show in a pt with COPD?
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flattened diaphragms
barrel chest (inc. A-P diameter) hyperinflation hyperlucency more vertical heart |
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Spirometry/PFT of an obstructive pattern will show what FEV1 and FEV1/FVC ratio?
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decreased FEV1
FEV1/FVC ratio of <70% |
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What lab test should be run on a pt. <45 y.o. with COPD?
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alpha 1 antitrypsin level
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What is the only intervention that slows lung decline?
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quitting smoking
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What intervention has shown to decrease mortality?
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home O2 via cannula, mask or CPAP
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What short acting beta agonist is prescribed for rescue of COPD pts?
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albuterol
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What long acting beta agonist is prescribed for COPD pts?
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salmeterol 1 puff BID (use in combo with inhaled steroid)
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Salmeterol (long acting beta agonist) should be used in combination with what other medication?
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inhaled steroid
fluticasone MDI 2 puffs BID |
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What is the name of a short acting anticholinergic?
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atrovent (ipratropium) 2 puffs QID
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What is the name of a long acting anticholinergic?
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Spiriva (tiotropium) 18 mcg QD
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What is the benefit of inhaled corticosteroid in pt's with COPD?
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decreases the frequency and severity of exacerbations
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Fluticasone/salmeterol is another name for what combo inhaler?
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Advair 1 puff BID
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Albuterol/ipratropium is another name for what combo inhaler?
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combivent 2 puffs QID
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What is the dose of inpatient and outpatient systemic steroids that can help with COPD exacerbations?
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methylprednisone 1-2mg/kg/ every 12 hours IV (inpatient)
prednisone 60mg/day taper over 2 weeks (outpatient) |
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What antibiotics are used in COPD excerbations?
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-doxy 100mg p.o. BID
-Trim/Sulfa DS 1 p.o. BID -Amox/Clavu 875mg p.o. BID -Azithromax 500mg x1 day, then 250mg qd x 4 days |
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What screening tests should be done annually in a pt with COPD?
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PFT to monitor FEV1
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What vaccinations should all COPD pt's receive?
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-pneumonia
-influenza |
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What are the sequella of COPD?
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pulmonary htn
cor pulmonale malnutrition/wt. loss polycythemia |
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__ therapy in hypoxic patients decreases mortality.
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O2
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