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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the 3 components of a Database Management System (DBMS).
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1. Interface
- VBA, Java..etc 2. Data Manipulation - Data Manipulation Language (DML) (eg. SQL) 3. Tables - Data Definition Language (DDL) |
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What is a DDL, the Data Definition Language used for?
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It is used to create the tables and relationships between tables in a database.
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What is a DML, the Data Manipulation Language used for?
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It is used to query databases. SQL is an example.
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What does ODBC stand for?
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Open Database Connectivity.
Allows programs to use standard SQL to query different databases without knowing the specifics of each different database. |
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What is an ERD when speaking about databases?
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It is an Entity Relationship Diagram, which show Entities (tables) that are Related (relationships) to each other.
A database diagram in general. |
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What are the different types of relationships in an ERD?
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1. One-to-One
2. One-to-Many 3. Many-to-Many (not great, need to normalize this type to be one-to-many). |
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What is a data dictionary?
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It is a document that describes the content in each table in practical terms so that it can be understood easily.
It describes each attribute of the table, what information is contained within,. |
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What is a Clinical Data Repository?
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It is a large database that gets clinical data from various data stores within the different applications in the health system. The data must be "cleaned" to only included wanted data.
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What is a Data Warehouse?
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It is a type of large database designed to support decision making. The underlying structure of the database is different from relational databases as it stores info along different dimensions and not sequentially as information is recorded. For example in this database it is easier to get data by month, week, or year or another dimension.
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What is a Data Mart?
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It is a smaller data warehouse, designed to be used by smaller units/department within a healthcare organization, such as finance, pharmacy, etc.
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What does TCP/IP stand for and what is it?
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Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol
It is a set of protocols that allows communications between devices of different types over a network. It is a standard way to communicate in networked devices. |
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What is HTTP stand for and what is its purpose?
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Hypertext Transfer Protocol
It is used to display text, images, animations, in a web browser. Webpages used to display such entities are created using a HTTP Markup Language such as HTML. |
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What is Data Mining?
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It is a sophisticated analysis tool that analyzes data to detect patterns. This tool does not require questions posed by end-users, rather it is programmed to analyze data to detect trends, patterns and rules. It is an advanced form of decision support.
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What does NIC stand for?
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Network Interface Card
It is the network card present in computers to allow connectivity with a network through wired or wireless internet. |
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What is a Hub in networking?
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It is a device in which data from a network comes together. Think of the hub in the middle of a physical star configuration network where all devices have network wires coming together at the Hub.
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What is a Bridge in networking?
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It connects different networks together as long as they both use the same communication protocol.
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What is a Router in networking?
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It operates at a higher level, then the Bridge. It can determine the actual destination of the specific data. Whereas a Bridge sends on all data it receives.
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What is a Gateway in networking?
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It connects networks that have different communication protocols.
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What is a Switching in networking?
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It may either be a gateway or a router. It may operate at the router level or at a high level.
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What is an Intranet website?
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It is a website designed for internal employees of a company. The outside world (public) cannot access it.
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What is an Extranet website?
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It is a website designed to be used by business partners of the organization only. It is not made available to the general public.
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What is a TLD?
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Top Level Domain
Examples include: .edu, .com, .net, .gov...etc |
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What is Artificial Intelligence?
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It is a branch of computer science devoted to emulating the human mind.
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What are Expert Systems?
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They use heuristics or "rules of thumbs" collected from experts in a particular clinical field to provide clinical advice. The "rules of thumbs" can be updated by experts as better best-practice methods are created.
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What is NLP?
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Natural Language Processing
It translates typed or voice input in to standard computer instructions, such as SQL. This is commonly used in free-text fields in EMRs. |
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What are Neural Networks?
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Powerful algorithms used in expert systems. They are a way to mimic how a human brain operates. It is part of artificial intelligence.
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What is Fuzzy Logic?
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Fuzzy Logic is based on rules that may have overlapping boundaries. It is designed to help the expert system deal with ambiguity and uncertainty.
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What are SDOs?
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Standards Development Organizations
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What are the 4 different ways standards are established?
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Ad hoc: When a group of interested people or organizations aggree on a certin specification without a formal adoption process.
De facto: When a vendor or other commercial enterprise controls uses a large segment of a market that it becomes a recognized norm, examples are SQL and Windows. Governmental mandate: Standards developed and mandated by the government for adoption. Consensus: when volunteers from various interested groups come together to reach a formal agreement on specifications. |
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What does ANSI stand for?
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American National Standards Institute
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What does SNOMED stand for and what is it?
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SNOMED: Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine, is a terminology developed to facilitate the electronic storage and retrieval of detailed clinical information.
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What are the 3 types of standards?
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1. Classification, Vocabulary, and Terminology Standards
2. Data Interchange Standards 3. Health Record Content Standards |
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What are examples of Classification, Vocabulary, and Terminology Standards?
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SNOMED
LOINC UMLS |
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What are examples of Data interchange Standards?
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HL7 = Health Level 7
DICOM = Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (used in CAT scans and MRIs). NCPDP = National Council for Prescription Drug Programs (used for prescription data). ANSI X12N or ASC X12 (used in the exchange of business data such as insurance information). |
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What are examples of Health Record Content Standards?
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CCR = Continuity of Care Record (which will be prepared by a physician at the end of each encounter and will provide a summary of the health status of the pt. This CCR will be prepared when the pt is either referred or transferred to another healthcare provider so another physician can review it for info).
HL7 EHR Functional Model (similar to CCR). |
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What is CDT?
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Code on Dental Procedures and Nomenclature
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What is HCPCS?
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Healthcare Common Procedural Coding System
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What is CPT-4?
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Current Procedural Terminology, fourth edition.
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What is WEP in terms of data security?
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It stands for Wired Equivalent Privacy, it is an encryption method used in wireless networking.
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What is Private Key Infrastructure in terms of data encryption?
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Data is encrypted using a key. The key is shared with both the sender and receiver of encrypted data.
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What is Public Key Infrastructure in terms of data encryption?
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Data is encrypted using either public key or private key. If the data is encrypted using a public key by the sender then the receiver can only decrypt the data using the private key, and visa versa.
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