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95 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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T/F
Spinals reflex can occur even if the spinal cord is completely severed |
T
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Describe informed concent for an anesthetic procedure
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non-binding legal document signed by client explaining that they have been informed of the hazards of the procedure & anesthetic use on the patient
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W/in the ASA Classifiaction of Patient Status
Risk asso w/ Class V |
Class V- grave
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What ASA class would an obese , 1 year old cat addmitted for a declaw
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Class II
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15 year old dog is categorized as Class IV patient status, What pre-anesthetic diagnostic tests should be preformed
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TPR
CRT TP BUN CREAT EKG, UA - Complete profile CBC Blood glucose, Possible X-ray or ultrasound |
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T/F
Vagus nerve makes upto 80% of the sympathetic nervous system |
False -nerve makes upto 80% of the parasympathetic nervous system
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Chemical messenger released by synaptic endbulbs of telodendra which passes nerve impulses to adjacent stucture is called
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neurotransmitter
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2 reasons to use preanesthetic drugs
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1. reduces patient anxiety
2. reduces amt of anesthetic needed 3. reduces wind up |
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which family of drugs has minimal adverse efects on cardio-vascular & resp systems
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antichlineric
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Which drug family decreases anxiety, but can cause ypotension
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phenothiazine
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Which drug family provides excellent analgesia
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1. opioids
2. thiazine derivatives |
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Which drug family blocks stimulation of teh vagus nerve
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anticholinergics (esp atrophine)
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Which drug family provides heavy sedation and analgesia
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Opioids
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Which drug causes bradycardia, 2nd degree heart block & hypotension
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xylazine
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Which drug is contraindicated if pre-existing bradycardia
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atropine
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Which drug has long lasting analgesic effect
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Buprenes, buprenirphine
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Which drug reduces the seizure threshold(can cause seizure activity)
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acepromozine
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Which drug is an anti-convulsive effect
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diazepam
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Which drug has anti-arrhythmic effect
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acepromazine
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Which drug is a potent respiratory depressant
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oxymorphone
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Which drug tranquilizer that is contraindicated in shocky, hypotensive or anemic patients
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acepromazine
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Which drug is an opioid antagonist
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naloxone
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Which anticholinergic does NOT cross the placenta
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glycopyrollate
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The vagus nerve makes up 80% 0f ----nervouse system
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parasympathetic
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Best sedative in rabbits is
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acepromazine
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What 2 alpha-2 agonists are used in rabbits & why
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xylazine & medetomidine
reversible & good analgesic& sedative |
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State 2 adverse effectsof halothane
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1. increases heart sensitivity to epinephrine
2. hypothermia |
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Which is better for a patient w/ renal dz- halothane or Methoxyflurane
& why |
Halothane
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What does MACmean
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minimum alveolar concentration
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Sx planeof anesthesia = MAC x ?
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1.5
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whichgas anesthetic has the greatest repritatory depression
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methoxyflurane
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T/F
nitrous oxide is frequently used as a sole agent in vet med |
False
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What is 1 contraindication to use NO2
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1. Do not use with torsion
2. Never in a closed system |
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What is difFusion hypoxia
& how to avoid |
when larger nitorus oxide molecules fills all alveolar space making it difficult for oxygen to diffuse thru alveoli.
Avoid -let O2 flow for 2-5 min after truning off NO2 so that the body can be sufficiently oxygenated to prevent diffusion hypoxia |
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T/F
Atropineis used as a preanesthetic to help control or prevent seizure activity |
F - diazepam is often given for this
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Name 1 preanesthetic & 1 injectable anesthetic agent that sensitizes the heart to arrhythmogenis effects of epinephrine (ie. could cause an arrhythmia
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Barbiturates
Opioids thiazine derivatives like xylazine |
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Why is ketamins most frequently used in combo with a trank
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b/c ket causes seizures by selective CNS stimulation & disrupts nerve conduction in the cerebrum
Combo wi diazepam to reduce |
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Why should ultra- short acting barbiturate hiopental not be used in sighthounds
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recovery as drug is redistributed from the blood to the muscle & fat & excreted by the liver, & sighthounds lack sufficient fat to do this without complications
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2 contraindications for barbituraate family of inductionagesntm other than breed
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Respiratory depression
2. Hypothermic 3. Acidotic 4. too thin 5. shock |
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What happens to reflexes when using cyclohexamine familyof injectable anesthetics
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They become exagerated
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Ketamine does not depress cardiac rate or function
T/F |
heart support drug - true
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Shock patient requires anesthesia. what would you use & why
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Ket-val
Reason: |
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metabolism & elimination of ket occurs primarily in the kidney of which species
in the liver |
Kat - Kidney
Dog - liver |
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Propofol provides a good analgesic T/F
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false
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A patient under anesthesia should bechecked every ___ minutes
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five
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If reservoirbagis semi-closed rebreathing circuit is full, name 2things ou could do to prevent it from filling fast
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1. reduce the O2 flow]
2. open up pop-off valve a little more |
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Name 1 reason geriatric patient & 1 reasonwhy pediatric patient is at INCREASED risk durig anesthetic proceduer
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1. Geriatric - decreased organ functions
2. Ped- immature organ developement |
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When anesthetizing a brachycephalic patient,describe the pre-induction & induction techniques
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Pre- oxygenate
2. Use injectable anesthetic agents |
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Name 2 anesthetic agents, families or techniques that would be safe for use during a C- section
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1. isoflurane
2.use lowest effective dose 3. IV fluids 4. NOT Ket/Val or pentobarb |
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T/F
When an animal has a resp disease the safest way to induce anesthesia is mask induction |
False
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Name 2 pre-anesthetic or anesthetic drugs that should be avoided or used w/ caution in animal w/ hepatic dz
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1. Ketmine
2.propofol 3. iso |
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What is a good anesthesia for a 15 yr cat w/ chrnic renal failure
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isoflurane
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What are 2 causes of animal not staying anessthetized
What would you see in patient |
1.vaporizer too low
2.inadequate O2 FOR DELIVERY movement |
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2 signs inpatient if the vaporizer was turned too high & patient too deep
How to treat |
CRT >2seconds
2. turn down or off the vaporizer & bag the patient |
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@ causes of pale mm
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1.pre-existing anemia
2. excessive bloodlose duringsx |
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2 causes of dyspnea & cyanosis during anesthesia
how to treat |
1. inadequate flow of O2,
2. blockage of endo tube oxygenate |
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Tachypnea is fairly commonly seen during anesthesia. Name 1 cuase & which breed
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1. viseral stimulation
2. toy breeds or fat |
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2 drugs that could cause tachycardia
2 non-drug causes |
1.atrophine
2.ketamine 3. epinephrine` 1. shock 2. hyperthyroid 3.congestive heartfailure |
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2causes of bradycarda, 1 drug & one not drug
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1. xylazine
2. medetomidine 3.opioids w/o atrophine 1,stimulation of vagus nerve 2. too deep 3.hyperkalemia 4. hypothermia 5.hypoxia |
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2 causes of cardiac arrhythmia & 2 drugs to tx
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1. Pre-existing cardiac problems
2. too deepananestheticdepth 3. different drugs TX: 1.lidocaine 2.ventilate w/ 100% o2 |
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If cardia arret were to occur, ther prefferred route for drug admin wouldbe
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IV
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What is safest way to anesthetize animal who requires immediate anesthesia, but has notbeen fasted?
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1.rapid induction, intubation
2.avoid head down psotion 3. Drugs -metocopramide |
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One drug that could cause seizure
1 drug to treat seizures |
1. ketamine
2.patient disorder: Tx. Diazepam |
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How to dx & tTx laryngospasmdurig recovery of cat
How to prevent? |
1. scary sound on inspriation
reintubate patinet IV inducation agent lidocaine in throat befe |
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What is one advantage
& one disadvantageof local aanesthetic |
1. cheap
2.possibleODinsmall amts |
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During epidural what is the first sensation to be lost
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pain
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Why addepi to lidocaine
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Potentiates lidocaine by vascular constriction making lidocaine slower to take effect& allowing it to last a little longer
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T/F
Patinetsw/ severehepatic dz may be more susceptible to adverse reactions of lidocaine |
True
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longest lasting drug:
Buprivacine Meprivicaine Lidocaine |
Buprivicane
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Lidocaine SQ do not exceed ____ mg.kg in dogs
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10mg/kg
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What is a ring block
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An infiltration blockwhere localis injected ina line t anesthetize a region
Declaw is example |
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2 adverseeffects of local anethesia
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1. temp or permenant nerve damage
2. CNS toxicity |
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IV local anesthestic tech in distal limb, how to protect animalfromtoxicity at end of procedure
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Gredually release the tourniquet
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What is the diff btwn epidural & spinal(or intrathecal) anesthetic anatomically
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Layers:
Needle passew in ventrql direction thru 1.skin 2.SQ fat 3.spraspinour ligament 4. intraspinousligament 5. ligameentum flavusto epi space If passepi spacegoes thru 6.dra mater 2. arachnoid membrane - CFS in subarachnoid space pia mater to spine |
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Spinal cord ends at ___ in dog
& __ incat |
Dog - L-6
Cat S1-S3 |
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If see a drop of fluid in the hub when doing an epidural, what to do
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Looking at CFS fluid so deliver 1/2 dose
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T/F
Neruomuscular blocking agents used alone are a good choice of anesthesic procedure on aa debilitated patient |
False, have no analgesic or trank effect
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Which class of neuromuscular agents does NOT cause initial surge of muscleactivity
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non-depolarizing
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Last skeletal muscles to be affected by neuromuscular blocking agents
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1. intercostal muscles
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How would you assess anesthetic depthduring use of neuromuscular blocking agents
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monitor heart rate
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What is min standard time & temp for autoclave sterilization once optimum pressurehas been reached
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121C (250F) for 13 minutes minimum but 15 min@ 15 psi to be sure
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Flash sterilization s also known as irradiation sterilization
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False
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Double wrapped muslin packs in a closed cabinet are considered sterile for ___
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7 weeks
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Most reliable indicator for sterilization s the melting glass pellet, whch indicates both min time & temp has been reached
T/F |
F
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What is most common type of gas used for chemicals sterilization
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ehtylene oxide gas
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What is most common agentsused for cold sterilization
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1. gluteraldehyde
2.chlorohexidine |
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Diff btwn sterilization & disinfection
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sterilization destroys all living organisms, spores
disinfection only kills all vegetative matter but no spores on objects |
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Pack is considered unsterile if
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1. drop onfloor
2. Date on tape is illegible 3. wet after sterilization 4. tape is broken or loose 5. outer wrap is ripped or punctured 6. pack dropped to floor |
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Sx instrument is dropped on flor, you can place it in cold sterilization solution for 5-20 min & will be STERILE
T/F |
FALSE
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Most common method of sterilizationis _____
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Steam
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i benefit of woven (muslin or linen ) wraps
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1. memory
2. economical b/c reuse |
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Thread count of muslin wraps
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140 thread per suare inch double thickness
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Benefit of paper wraps
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1.disposable,
2.economical 3.good barrier to moisture & microbes |
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What is method of sterilizatio used to sterilize fluids
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filtration measured in micorms
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Ionizing radiation is commonly used to sterilize gloves, tubing & suture material
T/F |
true
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