Cpce Secrets - Theories And Counseling Styles

Front 1

social exchange theory

Back 1

links behavioral psychology and economics.
Relationships are characterized by profit; if there are rewards, the relationship will continue.

Front 2

complementarity theory

Back 2

relationships strengthen when the members' personality needs enhance the other member(s).
When they complement each other.

Front 3

Assimilation-contrast theory

Back 3

counselor's similarities to clients will be viewed as being more like the client's own, and dissimilarities will be exaggerated.
The more trustworthy the client sees the counselor, the more the client will accept the counselor's statements.

Front 4

cognitive dissonance

Back 4

the mental discomfort that arises when a person does something that conflicts with his beliefs or normal behavior or when he holds conflicting opinions.

FESTINGER

Front 5

Osgood and Tannenbaum's congruity theory

Back 5

a theory of balanced relationships.
Advanced the idea that the more similar the client and counselor are, the more readily the client will accept suggestions from te counselor.

Front 6

Heider's balance theory

Back 6

a drive toward psychological balance in relationships.
Consistency motive - urge to maintain one's beliefs over time.

Front 7

object relations theory

Back 7

based on psychoanalytic concepts.
States that interpersonal relationships shape a person's current interactions with people.
Four stages:
Fusion with the mother - first 3-4 wks
Symbiosis - month 3-8
separation/individuation - month 4-5
Constancy of self and object - occurring by 36 mos.
Without progress through these stages, child can develop attachment disorders, borderline or narcissistic disorders.

Front 8

Jung's theory of archetypes

Back 8

anima - female traits in a man
animus - male traits in a woman

Front 9

systems theory - or circular causality

Back 9

Ludwig von Bertalanffy
Many forces from different directions acting upon each other at the same time.
Situation has no clear cause and the focus is on the process taking place.

Front 10

Savickas

Back 10

saw the counselor as a CATALYST who helped clients make sense of their lives and occupations.
Used narrative method to help clients build a reality that fit with their social and cultural environment.

Front 11

self-efficacy theory

Back 11

what a person expects influences what she or he does, how much effort is used, and if she or he will persist if there are difficulties.

Betz and Hackett - believe gender variation in career decisions can be accounted for by self-efficacy.

Front 12

Compensatory leisure theory

Back 12

a person's occupation is the most important component of his or her life and leisure is compensation for either job boredom or job excitement.

Front 13

spillover leisure theory

Back 13

a person's occupation has an effect on his or her personality and leisure activities will be similar to occupational ones.

Front 14

theory of work adjustment (TWA)

Back 14

dev. by Dawis and Lofquist.
The idea that the job must fill the needs of the person and the person must fit the job;
correspondence or congruence between the person and work.

Front 15

person environment correspondence (PEC)

Back 15

the relationship between job satisfaction and an increase in productivity.

Front 16

social-cognitive career theory

Back 16

states that self-efficacy, or a person's belief in what he is capable of doing, influences career choice.

Front 17

Michael Waldo's theories of group leadership

Back 17

the problems of the group members should determine the type of leadership appropriate for the group.

Front 18

Theories of Jacob Moreno

Back 18

believed that psychodrama could be used to help a troubled person reach insight and catharsis, as well as for reality testing.
Members of the group acted and served as audience.

Front 19

Rogerian theory

Back 19

deals with trustworthiness of individuals and belief that people have an innate ability to move themselves toward "becoming".
Focus is on the present.
Intended to promote conditions for change rather than doing things to bring about change.

Front 20

Theories of Adler and Dreikurs

Back 20

uniqueness of each person is influenced by social factors.
Everyone strives for superiority.
Person's lifestyle - habits, family, work, attitudes.
Techniques include life histories, homework, and paradoxical intentions to help clients understand their lifestyles.

Front 21

Gestalt approach

Back 21

existential principles and holistic viewpoint.
The goal of each individual is to become a whole being.
Techniques include role-play, confrontation, and dream work.
Help client relive experiences and bring closure to them.

Front 22

Phenomenology

Back 22

study of conscious experiences from a first-person viewpoint.
The basis for existential therapy.

Front 23

Existential therapy

Back 23

client-centered; emphasizes the ability to make choices not dictated by heredity or past experiences.
Goals are for client to understand who he is and who he is becoming, to make socially constructive choices, and achieve authentic relationships with others.

Rollo May, Victor Frankl, Irvin Yalom

Front 24

Transactional analysis

Back 24

Berne
Clients are treated by analyzing their relationships in social situations, or transactions.
Three ego states: child, adult, and parent - analogous to id, ego, and superego.
Oriented to immediate present.