Cp Ii Final

Front 1

Contents of anterior triangle

Back 1

-thyroid gland
-larynx
-pharnx
-lymph nodes
-submandibular and salivary glands

Front 2

Boundaries of anterior triangle

Back 2

-Anterior border of the SCM

-clavicle inferiorly

-midline of the neck anterior

Front 3

HYPOThyroidism

Back 3

-cold intolerance
-croaky voice
-most common autoimmune causes is Hashimoto's Thyroditis
-Slow mind body reflexes
-Depression, schizo, irritability

Front 4

HYPERthyroidism

Back 4

-Grave's disease
-heat intolerance
-thyroid bruit --> systolic "to and fro"
-lid lag
-exopthalmos/proptosis
-osteoporosis

Front 5

Carniomalacia

Back 5

-abnormal softening of the skul

Front 6

Odontorrhagia

Back 6

-hemorrhage following tooth extraction

Front 7

Virchows window

Back 7

Troisers sign is the finding of this palpable left supraclavicular lymph node

-lymphoma, thoraci or retroperitoneal cancer

-bact or fung infx

Front 8

Stensons duct

Back 8

-parotid gland

-opp the 2nd upper molars

Front 9

Whartons duct

Back 9

-located on either side of frenulum

-ducts of submandibular gland

-terminates in a papilla on either side of the frenulum

Front 10

ptyalism

Back 10

excessive salivation

Front 11

xerostomia

Back 11

-dry mouth due to reduced or absent salivary secretion

Front 12

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome

Back 12

-brown pigmentary change on lips

-autosomal dominant

-GI hamartomatous polyposis and mucocutaneous pigementation

Front 13

Osler-Weber-Rendu

Back 13

-causes multiple talengiectatic lesions on the tongue

Front 14

Stevens Johnson Syndrome

Back 14

-bullous lesions of the skin and mucous membranes

-maybe sulfa drugs, or allergic rxns

Front 15

Angular Cheilitis

Back 15

-Perleche

-lesion at the labial commissure or corner of the mouth

Front 16

Why palpate lateral tongue?

Back 16

-85% of lingual cancers found here

Front 17

Tongue Innervation

Back 17

-ant 2/3 is VII
-post 1/3 is IX

-tip = sweet
-back 1/3 = sour or bitter
-lateral = salty

Front 18

Oral cavity carcinomas

Back 18

-of the lips = 30% of cancers in area

-squamous cell carcinoma

-lower lip with male predominance

Front 19

Leukoplakia

Back 19

-white patches on the mucous membrane (tongue or inside of cheeks) as response to chronic irritation

-may be premalignant

Front 20

Erythroplakia

Back 20

-reddened patch with velvety surface of mucous membrane

-more likely to be neoplasm than leukoplakia

Front 21

Vermillion border

Back 21

border located on the lip (separates the chapped part from the outside)

Front 22

Pembertons Sign

Back 22

-development of facial flushing, JVP etc when pt raise both arms over head

-sign of Sup Vena Cava Syndrome from a mass or goiter

Front 23

Chvostek's Sign

Back 23

-contraction of the muscles of the eye, mouth, nose when the examiner taps along the facial nerve

-maybe tetany, hypocalcemia or anxiety

Front 24

Halitosis

Back 24

volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs)

Front 25

TEST QUESTION

Unilateral Exophthalmus

Back 25

-hyperthroidism

-can happen years after the removal of the thyroid

Front 26

Exotropia

Back 26

-outward movement of the eye

-relate to cover test and fact that you cover weak eye to see what it does

Front 27

meibomian glands

Back 27

-modified sebaceous glands in the eyelids that secrete an oily lubricating substance to retard evaporation to protect the eye

Front 28

Rosenbaum

Back 28

-"Jaeger" used for near vision (J-1 scale)

-pocket side version, of snellen viewed at 14 inches

Front 29

Entropion

Back 29

-eyelid flips over and could cause cornea ulceration

Front 30

Ectropion

Back 30

-eyelid hangs down and the eye could become keratinized bc not protected

Front 31

Basal cell

Back 31

-skin cancer near eye that must be removed

Front 32

Small aperature

Back 32

-undilated eye

Front 33

Large aperature

Back 33

dilated pupil

Front 34

red free filter

Back 34

-exclude rays of red light and helps DO to visualize blood vessels and hemorrhages

Front 35

Macula

Back 35

-avascular, point of most cones, high acuity

-use RED FILTER to see

-2 disc diameters lateral to optic disc

Front 36

Who needs to start the fundic exam with red numbers (minus lenses)

Back 36

-Near sighted examiners!

Front 37

Diabetes and Fundoscopic Exam

Back 37

-microanuerysms, retinitis proliferans
-posterior pole
-hard exudates, deep hem, retinal venous occulusions
-pre-prolife --> cotton wool spots
-prolif--> leads to ret detachment

Front 38

Hypertension and fundoscopic exam

Back 38

-arteriolar narrowing "Cu wire"
-arteriovenous nicking
-throughout retina
-Macula stars*

Front 39

Xanthelasm

Back 39

-yellowish plaques on eyelids caused by lipid deposition in the periorbital skin

-maybe hypercholeterolemia

Front 40

Chalazion

Back 40

-chronic granulomatous inflammation of the meibomiam gland

-localized swelling of lid, painless

Front 41

Hordeolum icterus

Back 41

-sty or acute hordeolum
-localized abscess in eyelash follicle
-Staph infx
-painful red looks like "pimple pointing on lid margin"

Front 42

Arcus Senilis

Back 42

-gray/white opaque ring in the corneal margin

-results from cholesterol deposits

-maybe familial hyperlipidemia

Front 43

Kayser-Fleischer Ring

Back 43

-golden bronw or green at level of Descements membrane

-Wilsons disease and liver disorders

Front 44

Aniscoria

Back 44

-unequal pupil size

-maybe indicative of neuro dx

Front 45

Narrow angle glaucoma

Back 45

-mid dilated pupil, steamy cornea, pain

-shallow anterior chambers

-increased intraocular P

Front 46

Iritis

Back 46

-pupil small due to inflamation

-injected pain around the cornea

-photophobia

Front 47

Arygll Robeterson pupil

Back 47

-bilateral small
-constrict in accomadation but not reactive to light

-tertiary syphilis

Front 48

Marcus Gun pupil

Back 48

-afferent pup defect indicating a decreased pup response in light in affected eye

-paradoxial dialation

Front 49

Cataract

Back 49

opacification of the lens
-causes reduced visual acuit

Front 50

Never use _____ blank to dilate the eye for the fundoscopic exam

Back 50

Atropene

Front 51

Plepharoplasty

Back 51

-surgical removal of EYELID

Front 52

Cycloplegia

Back 52

-Paralysis of accomadation

-cyclo = ciliary body

Front 53

Dacryocytitis

Back 53

inflammation of the lacrimal sac

-tear

Front 54

Aphakia

Back 54

-without a lens

Front 55

Tarsorrhaphy

Back 55

-surgical surturing of the lid

Front 56

Dix-Hallpike Manuevers

Back 56

-with eyes open, tilts pts head all the way to side to check for nystagmus

Front 57

Peripheral Vertigo

Back 57

-horizontal/rotational nystagmus
-fatigue
-severe intensity
-imbalance is mild to moderate

Front 58

Central Vertigo

Back 58

-Variable nystagmus
-no fatigue
-less intense than peripheral
-severe imbalance

Front 59

Otosclerosis

Back 59

-fusion of auditory ossicles

Front 60

Conductive hearing loss

Back 60

-interuption in the AC pathway:

-obstruction of EAC
-TM rupture
-Otosclerosis

Front 61

Sensorinerual

Back 61

-congenital or acquired
-maternal rubella infx
-maybe other defects (kidney)
-ototoxic drugs (gentamicin)
-virus or tumors

Front 62

Littles area

Back 62

-site of Kiessebachs plexus
-located 1 inch from mucocutaneous junction
-most prone to epistaxis

Front 63

Chvosteks Rflex

Back 63

-noted with decreased ionized serum Ca++

Front 64

Otoscopic exam Adult vs Child

Back 64

Adult--> pull helix up, out, back

Child--> pull down and back

Front 65

Pneumatic insufflaors

Back 65

-check TM for movement
-movement normal
-NO MOVEMENT-->
-fluid or infx behind TM
-maybe TM is perfated

Front 66

Presbycusis

Back 66

-progressive decrease in hearing with age

Front 67

Echolalia

Back 67

meaningles repetition by a pt of words addressed to him or her

lalia--> speech

Front 68

Myringotomy

Back 68

Surgical incision of the TM

-myrinogo --> TM

Front 69

Tympanotomy

Back 69

-surgical puncture of the TM

Front 70

Arterial Insufficiency

Back 70

-cool and pale extremities
***decrease pulse most important sign
-atherosclerosis

Front 71

Venous inssuficiency

Back 71

-warm extremities
-commonly in medial lower third of extremity
-ulcerations--> 2ndary statis, painless, slow developing

Front 72

Venous Statis

Back 72

-dialation of the veins
-reflux of blood and poor return to heart
-most impt cause of thrombus formation

Front 73

Femoral bruit

Back 73

-obstruction in Aorto-ilio femoral vascualture

-femoral art btwn Pub Symph and ASIS

Front 74

Coarctation of aorta

Back 74

-femoral pulse should peak slightly before or at same time as radial pulse

Front 75

Intermittant claudication

Back 75

pain in lower ext
-usually subsides with rest
-occurs in pts with PAD when they exercise or walk
-popliteal artery most involved

Front 76

Thrombophlebitis

Back 76

-usually from venous thrombosis w/ secondary inflammation around vein
-warm red
-may palpate a tendor, indurated vein = "cord"

Front 77

Homans

Back 77

-calf pain when squeezing pts calf or slowly dorsiflex the ankle = +
-calf pain in ~50% of pts w/ DVT

Front 78

Leriches syndrome

Back 78

-chronic aortoiliac obstruction
-results in intermitten claudication and impotence
-severe atherosclerosis at the aortic bifurcation

Front 79

Allen's Test

Back 79

-asscess whether arterial insufficiency exists in upper extremity by examining radial and ulnar arts

Front 80

Pseudoclaudication

Back 80

-bilateral leg pain or numb occuring with walking and at rest
-2ndary to MuscSkel disease

Front 81

Acute DVT

Back 81

-Warmth, red, fever
-swelling is most reliable sx
-associate with venous obstruction

Front 82

Virchows Triad NOT WINDOW

Back 82

-thrombus formation from stasis, blood vessel injury and hypercoagulability

Front 83

Lymphangitis

Back 83

-lymphatic spread manifested by thin red streaks on the skin

Front 84

Valgus deformity

Back 84

-distal portion of bone is displaced away from midline
-angulation toward midline

*Genu valgum --> knock knees

Front 85

Varus deformity

Back 85

-distal portion of extremity is displaced toward the midline
-angulation away from the midline

***Genu Varum --> Bow legged

Front 86

Genu Recurvatum

Back 86

-Back knee

Front 87

TQ: Proximal weakness means?

Back 87

Myopathy

Front 88

Distal Weakness means

Back 88

-Neuropathy

-"pushin on gas pedal"
-turn key in door knob

Front 89

Antalgic gait

Back 89

most likely hip
-limp secondary to pain

Front 90

Tophus

Back 90

-depostis of uric acid crystal

-highly specific but nonsensitive sign of gout

Front 91

Ballottement Test

Back 91

-tests for fluid accumulation in or around knee joint

Front 92

Tinels Sign

Back 92

-tap the ventral side of the base of the hand (Volar carp lig)

+ sign if pain is elicited in the fingers supplied mby median nerve
-maybe Carpel Tunnel

Front 93

De Quervain's disease

Back 93

-Finkelsteins Test
-if pain then tenosynovitis of thumb abductors and extensor
-weak grip strength

Front 94

Rheumatoid Arth

Back 94

-morning stiffness more than 1 hr***
-Swan neck deformity-->ext of PIP, flex of DIP
-Boutonnier deformity-->flx PIP, ex DIP
-soft tissue swelling, mus wasting
-ulnar devation

Front 95

Osteoarthritis

Back 95

-Heberdens nodes-->DIPs
-Bouchards nodes-->PIPs
-distal joints more common

Front 96

Passive ROM > Active ROM bc?

Back 96

-anatomical barrier > physiological

Front 97

Drawer Test

Back 97

-forward motion >2 cm = ACL

-backward " = PCL

Front 98

MCL stability

Back 98

-attempt to "open" medial kne joint

-Valgus stress

Front 99

LCL stability

Back 99

-pushes in lateral direction to knee
-stabilizing lower leg/ankle to "open" lateral knee joint

-Varus stress

Front 100

McMurrays Test

Back 100

-valgus stress to asscess medial meniscus

-opens medial aspect of knee, and pushes lateral knee medial

Front 101

Lachmans test

Back 101

-flex knee to 90 and jerk tibia forward to test for ACL

Front 102

Expressive (non-fluent aphasia)

Back 102

-speech is histant and labored with poor articulation
-no problem with comprehension

-Brocas

Front 103

Rcetptive (fluent) aphasia

Back 103

-Wernickes

-speach is rapid and appears fluent but is fully of syntax error

-comprehension is poor

Front 104

Inability to dorsiflex great toe against resistance

Back 104

-L4 - 5 nerve root

-plantar flex is S1

Front 105

Ideational apraxia

Back 105

-inability to performa a series of motor tasks

-fold letter, put in envelope, seal, stamp

Front 106

Astereogenosis

Back 106

inability to recognize objects in one hand

-opposite of a pareital lobe dysfunction

Front 107

Pseudobulbar Palsy

Back 107

-Involuntary Emo Expression Disorder

-bilat supranuclear denerve of brainstem

Front 108

Brudzinkis sign

Back 108

-suspect meningitis
-hand behind pts neck and flex to sternum
+ if neck pain and resistance to motion
-also maybe flex of hip and knees

Front 109

Kernigs sign

Back 109

-suspect meningitis
-flex one of pts legs at hip and knee
-pain or resistance is elicited as knee extended