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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Curettage |
The act of scraping a body cavity with a surgical instrument, such as a curette
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Dilation
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The opening or widening of the circumfrance of a body orifice with a dilating instrument
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Dissect
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To cut or separate tissue with a cutting instrument of scissors
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Patency
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Open condition of a body cavity or canal
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Safe & effective antiseptics
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chlorhexidine; povidone-iodine
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Local Anesthetics
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Injected into subcutaneous tissue; produce temporary cessation of feeling at the site of injection by blocking the generation and conduction of nerve impulses; all have suffix -caine; activate within 5-15 minutes; duration depends on type but usually between 1-3 hours; highly vascular areas can use epinephrine
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How to preserve a biopsy sample
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10% formalin solution used; physician places specimen in container; MA labels with Pt name, date of collection, and type of specimen
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Additional Surgical Supplies: Wound Drains
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rubber trains placed to drain excess fluid
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Additional Surgical Supplies: Sterilized gauze squares or strips saturated with petroleum jelly or petrolatum
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used to pack wounds
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Additional Surgical Supplies: Sterilized iodoform gauze strips 1/4 in - 2 in wide and impregnated with iodoform iodine
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used to pack abscesses to act as a wick to draw out infection; a'sp used as a local antibacterial agent
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Additional Surgical Supplies: Surgical sponges
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Used to absorb blood and protect tissues during surgery
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Additional Surgical Supplies: Syringes and needles
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used to inject local anesthetics and irrigate wouds
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Classifications of surgical instruments
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Cutting; Grasping; Retracting; Probing & Dilating
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Bandage Scissors
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Blunt probe tip; Easily inserted under bandages w/ relative safety; Used to remove bandages and dressings
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Metz Scissors
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Most frequently used length is 5 1/4 in; used to cut and dissect tissue
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Disposable Scalpels
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Handles: No. 3 is the standard handle; No. 3L and No. 7 are used in deeper cavities; Blades: No. 15 is commonly used; No. 10, 11, 12 are used for specialty incisions
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Hemostate Forceps
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Jaws may be fully or partly serrated, without teeth; May be curved or straight; Used to clamp small vessels or hold tissue; Mosquito forceps (4 in) are smaller and used for very small vessels; Crile forceps (5 in) are medium sized; Kelly forceps (6 - 7 in) are larger
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Needle Holders
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Jaws are shorter and stronger than hemostat jaws; Jaws may be serrated or may have a groove in the center; Are 4 - 7 in in length; Used to grasp a suture needle firmly
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Adson Forceps
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Used to grasp tissue in suturing
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Towel Forceps
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May have sharp or atraumatic tips; Various lengths from 3 - 6 1/2 in; Used to hold drapes in place during surgery
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Specula
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Most common dilator used; Valves are spread apart, dilating the opening; Used to open or distend a body orifice or cavity
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Foerster Sponge Forceps
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Round and serrated tips; Used in the same way as dressing forceps
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Placenta Forceps
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Used to remove tissue from the uterus
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Endocervical Curette
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Smaller than the uterine curette; Used in the same way as a uterine curette
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Long Allis Forceps
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Same as Allis forceps; used in deeper body cavities
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Rectal Biopsy Punch
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Manufactured with interchangable stems; Available in different lengths and styles; Used through a proctoscope or sigmoidoscope
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Catheter Guide
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Metal guide; Used with with extreme caution; Used by the physician when a catheter cannot be inserted by usual means
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Leur Lock Syringe
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Used for injecting amounts greater than 5 mL; Typically used to inject sterile saline into a catheter to inflate the baloon at the to[ pf an indwelling catheter
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Laryngeal Mirror
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Made in various sizes; May have a nonfogging surface; Used for examination of the larynx and postnasal area
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Cervical Biopsy Forceps
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Available with or without teeth; Used to obtain cervical specimens for diagnostic examination
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What to do with instruments after a surgical procedure
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Placed in a basin of disinfectant solution with heavier instruments on the bottom of the basin and the lighter instruments, more delacate instruments on top; Always unlock each instrument before immersion to permit sanitation of entire surface
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How sutures are classified
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Absorbable and Nonabsorbable
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Absorbable Sutures
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Dissolved by body's enzymes during healing; ex. surgical catgut
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Nonabsorbable Sutures
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Left in the wound site untile healing is complete; ex. Silk
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Which size sutures are generally used in Dr. office?
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Sizes 2-0 to 6-0
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Medical Asepsis
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The destruction of organisms after they leave the body; process of either reducing the number of pathogens or destroying them; this creates an environment that is clean but not sterile
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Surgical Asepsis
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Complete destruction of organisms on instruments or equipment that will enter the patient's body; mandatory for any procedure that invades the body's skin or tissues like surgery; everything that comes in contact with the patient must be sterile
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Sanitation
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The cleansing process that reduces the number ot microorganisms to a safe level as dictated by public health guidelines. The cleansing process removes debris such as blood, and other body fluids from instruments or equipment
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Disinfection
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Process of killing pathogenic organisms or of rendering them inactive; not always effective against spores, tubercle bacilli, and certain viruses; may kill microbes within a short time but are usually very hard on instruments |
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PPE for autoclave procedure
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Heat resistant autoclave gloves for loading and unloading; Fluid-resistant gloves to prevent contact with contaminents; A lab coat or impervious gown to protect against splashes; A face shield or goggles if spash hazard exists |
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Temperature & time for sterilization in autoclave
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Temperature: 250*-255* F; Unwrapped items 20 minutes; Small wrapped items 30 minutes; Large or tight wrapped items for 40 minutes
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Shelf life of sterilized packs
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Muslin/Autoclave paper packs - 28 days; Polypropylene autoclave bags - 6 months
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Fenestrated Drape
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Surgical drape with an opening in the center; Size of the opening depends on the size of the surgical field; Opening is placed directly over the surgical site after the site has been suitably prepared
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Preoperative Instructions
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Having the necessary consent forms ready to sign; Giving the patient the necessary preoperative instructions such as medications to be used and special skin-cleansing instructions; Telling the patient to bring a relative or friend to drive him or her home after the surgery; Instructing the patient to leave jewlery and other valuables at home; Calling the patient the day before the scheduled surgery to confirm any special instructions
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Informed Consent
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The paatient signs an form permitting the physician to legally perform the surgery, the pt must understand what procedure will be performed, why it should be done, the potential risks and benefits of the surgery, alternative tx, and the possible risks of any alternative tx; The patient must not be under the influence of any sedative medication at the time he or she signs the consent form. |
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Time frame for opened materials to still be considered sterile
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After 1 hour it is considered nonsterile
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Sterile Field/Technique
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Everything sterile is white and everything that is not sterile is black. There is no gray!; Sterile surfaces must NEVER come into contact with nonsterile surfaces; During any procedure everything must stop when there is a break in the sterile field and corrected immediately; Any break could lead to serious wound contamination, postoperative infection, and even death; In surgery, a sterile field is created by draping sterile towels over a Mayo stand. The surgical site on the pt skin is prepared and then draped with sterile towels or drapes so that it also is a sterile field. |
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Rules for maintaining sterile field
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Talking should be kept to a minimum because air currents carry bacteria; Sterile team members should always face one another; Always keep the sterile field in your view. If you tuen your back on it or lose sight of it. Its considered contaminated; Nonsterile persons or items should never cross over the sterile field; Tables are sterile only at table level; Consider it contaminated if it has been wet, cut, or torn; Packages placed on clean surfaces are contaminated on the outside; Keep sterile gloved hands above waist level at all times; Never remove and then replace any item in the field; If it falls on the floor, it must be discarded; If you are in doubt about the sterility of anything, consider it contaminated |
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How to pass surgical instruments to the Dr.
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Pass instruments with a firm, purposeful motion so that the physician does not have to look up; Wait until you feel the physician grasp the instrument so that it does not drop onto the patient or the floor; Be careful that you and the physician are protected from injury; Pass scalpel blade down and present the handle to the physician; Hold all instruments by their tips and pass the handle ends into the physicians palm or fingers |
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Postoperative responsibilities of the MA
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MA clears the sterile field following standard precautions; Place disposable equipment and supplies in biohazardous waste containers and/or sharps containers; Check room for any blood spills or other contamination and disinfect appropriately; Disinfect room, stands, and tables; Used instruments must be sanitizes, disinfected, and resterilized for future use; Document procedure in pt medical record |
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Warning signs to report
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Redness around operative site; bleeding from the wound; fever; swelling; or increasing or severe pain
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Purposes of a dressing |
Protecting the wound from injury and contamination; Maintaining constant pressure to minimize bleeding and swelling; Holding the wound edges together; Absorbing drainage and secretions |
