Coverage Of Quiz 1

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Grandfather of Parasitology

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Francesco Redi

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Contributions of Francesco Redi

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- Demonstrated that maggots developed from the egg of flies

- Published a book describing reproductive organs and eggs of Ascaris

- Determined that Ascaris had male and female

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Discivered Trichinella in pigs and Father of American Parasitology

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Joseph Leidig (1846)

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Discovered human hookworms

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Angelo dubini (1842)

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Found the first amoeba, (entamoeba gingivalis)

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Gros (1849)

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Discovered Trypanosoma in frog's blood

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Gluge and Gruby (1842)

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Saw the cercariae emerged from "royal yellow worms" in snail

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Bojanus (1818)

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Discovered plasmodia

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Charles Louise Alphonse Laveran

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Specie of plasmodia that are common in the ph

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Fasiparum, vivax and malariae

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Plamodia specie that is not present in the ph

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Ovale

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Collected and classified all parasites known up to his time

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Rudolphi

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Recognized 5 classes of worms

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Zender (1800)

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Devised and used a simole microscopes and Describe various kinds of 'animalcule' (protozoa)

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Anton van leewenhoek

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Discovered cercariae in 1773 byt thought they were protozoa

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Otto friedrich muller

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Discovered trichinella in human flesh

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Peacock (1828)

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Balatidum coli was recognized as dirst protozoan parasite in humans

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Malmsten (1856)

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Identified Entamoeba histolytica

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Losch (1875)

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Discivered mosquito hosts

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Manson

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Discovered Trypanosomes and their transmission by tsetse flies

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David Bruce

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Area of biology concerned with the phenomemon of dependence of on living organisim on another

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Parasitology

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Comcerned with the animal parasite of man & their medical significancr as well as their importance in humam communities

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Clinical parasitology

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Living organisim with the purpose of procurring food & shelter, take up their abode temporarily or permanently on or within other living organism

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Parasites

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State of infection or infestation with an animal parasite

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Parasitosis

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The invasion of endoparasites

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Infection

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The external parasitism of ectoparasites

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Infestation

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Any reciprocal association in a species depends upon another for its existence

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Parasitism

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Organism that harbors a parasite

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Host

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Harbors the sexual stagr of the parasite

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Definitive host

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Harbors the asexual stage of the parasite

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Intermediate host

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The first host parasitized by the immature stages of the parasite

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1st I.H.

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Host harboring amdl immature stage of the parasite after it has left the 1st I.H.

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2Nd I.H

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Harbor the parasite & may act as source of infection

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Reservoir host

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Serve as mean of transport -usually vector

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Paratenic host

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An animate (living things) or inanimate (non-living things) object that carries infective stage of the parasite.

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Vector

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Any reciprocal association in which a species depends upon another for its existence (Type of relationship)

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Parasitism

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Type of association between two living organisms of different species in which both are benefitted but life apart is impossible

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Symbiosis

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Type of association between two living organism in which both benefit from each other but life apart is still possible

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Mutualism

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Type of association between two distinct organisms in which one, the commensal is benefited, while the host is neither injured nor benefited

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Commensalism

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Type of parasite that lives inside the body

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Endoparasite

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Type of parasite that lives outside or on the surface of the body.

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Ectoparasite

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Type of parasite that loves in the lumen of the intestine

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Enterozoic

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Type of parasite that lives within the cell

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Coelozoic

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Type of parasite lives in the blood

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Hematozoic

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Type of parasite that must live on or within the host during all or part of their lives which die if prevented to do so.

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Obligatory

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Type of parasite that is able to live as an independent organism

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Facultative

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Type of parasite that can cause an injury or harm

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Pathogenic

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Type of parasite that does not cause any harm

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Non-pathogenic

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Type of parasite that lives their whole life with the host

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Permanent

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Type of parasite that visit and leave their host at intervals

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Intermittent/temporary

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Type of parasite that occurs occasionally in an unusual course

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Incidental

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Type of parasite of another animal which pass through the human body without development or causing damage or injury

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Spurious/Coprozoic

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Type of parasite that wanders in an organ or habitat which is not its ordinary habitat

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Erratic

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Anything or any object that looks like a parasite (fake parasite)

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Pseudoparasite

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Animal parasite ls are classified according to the

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International Code of Zoological Nomenclature

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Each parasite belongs to a

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Phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

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The names are ___ and the scientific designation is ____ for species and ___ for subspecies

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Latinized; binomial, trinomial

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Generic name- begins with a ___

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Capital letter

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Specific name- begins with a

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Small letter

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Endemicity of a parasite depends upon

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- The presence and habits of a suitable host.- Easy escape from the host.- Environmental conditions favoring survival outside the host.

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Parasite with a simple life cycle have__

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Cosmopolitan distribution

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Factors involving transmission of parasitic infections

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A source of infection

A mode of transmission

The presence of a suscetible host

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Pathology and symptomatology

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Mechnical effects

Invasuon and destructiom of host cells

Imflammatory reaction

Competition for host nutrients

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Ability of the host to withstand infection by a parasite can be due to physiochical barriers

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Resistance amd Immunity

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Immunologic manifestation and associaelted with parasitic infection (a response to tissue invasion)

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Eosinophilia

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Identification of tge parasite in the laborstory

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Diagnosis

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Treatments (MASS)

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Medical and surgical measures

Attention to nutritional status

Specific chemotheraphy

Sanitary environment

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Prevention

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Reduction

Education

Sanitary Control

Destruction of reservoit host

Erection of biological barriers

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Favors development of certain tapeworms

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CHO-rich diet

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Favors symptoms of amoebiasis

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LOW-protein diet

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Unfavorable development of intestinal protozoa

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High-protein diet

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Imcreased resistanxe to infection with P. falciparum

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Sickle-cell trait

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Racial variation ls in resistance to P. ovale infection

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Duffy blood group

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Mode of transmission

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Ingestion

Inhalation

Skin Penetration

Bite of Vectors

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Portals of entry

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Mouth

Nose

Skin

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Types of life cycle that occurs in definitive or primary host

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Sexual (sporogonic)

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Type of life cycle that occurs in intermediate or secondary host

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Asexual (schizogonic)