Court Cases Ch 4 5

Front 1

Adarand Const. Co.v. Pena 1995

Back 1

A federal contracting job was given to a Hispanic company rather than the lowest bidder. Concluded that presuming a disadvantage due to race alone conclicts with the due process clause of 5th amendment and established strict scrutiny

Front 2

Barron v. Baltimore 1833

Back 2

Concluded that the fifth amendment right from having private property taken for public use applies only to the state and not national government.

Front 3

Brown v. Board of Ed.1954

Back 3

Concluded that segregating schools according to race violated the equal protection clause of the 14th amendment.

Front 4

Buckley v. Valeo 1976

Back 4

Concluded that restricting individual campaign donations did not violate the first amendment but the limitations on expenditures did.
Citizens United vs FEC 2008

Front 5

Citizens United vs FEC 2008

Back 5

Corporate corporate funding of independent political broadcasts in candidate elections cannot be limited under the First Amendment. (Hillary Movie Case)

Front 6

Craig v. Boren 1976

Back 6

Gender classifications have a “heightened” or “middle level” scrutiny.

Front 7

DC v Heller 2008

Back 7

The Second Amendment protects an individual's right to possess a firearm for private use within the home in DC but does not comment on the states.

Front 8

Employment Division vs Smith 1990

Back 8

States could deny unemployment benefits to a person fired for violating a state prohibition on the use of peyote, even though the use of the drug was part of a religious ritual

Front 9

Engel vs Vitale 1962

Back 9

State officials violated the first amendment by writing a prayer to be recited by NY schoolchildren.

Front 10

Gideon v. Wainwright 1963

Back 10

Anyone accused of a felony where imprisonment is possible has a right to an attorney

Front 11

Gitlow v. New York 1925

Back 11

Freedom of the press and speech are fundamental and are protected by the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Nationalized the first amendment.

Front 12

Gonzales vs Raich 2005

Back 12

Used commerce clause to ban homegrown marijuana for medical purposes.

Front 13

Griswold v. Connecticut 1965

Back 13

Ruled that the Constitution protected a right to privacy; involved a Connecticut law prohibiting contraceptives

Front 14

Grutter v. Bollinger 2003

Back 14

Ruled in favor of affirmative action policies and cited Bakke v Regents as a precedent for defining diversity as a compelling state interest.

Front 15

Korematsu v. US 1944

Back 15

Upheld constitutionality of Japanese internment during WWII.

Front 16

Lawrence v. Texas 2003

Back 16

Overturned an antisodomy law by substantive due process of the 14th amendment.

Front 17

Lemon vs Kuzrtman 1971

Back 17

Established that aid to church-related schools must have a secular legislative purpose, have a primary effect that neither inhibits nor advances religion, and does not foster excessive government entanglement with religion

Front 18

Mapp v. Ohio 1961

Back 18

Fourth Amendment’s protection from unreasonable searches and seizures extended to the states, also established exclusionary rule.

Front 19

McDonald v City of Chicago 2010

Back 19

Ruled that the right to bear arms applies to all states by the due process clause of the 14th amendment.

Front 20

Miranda v. Arizona 1966

Back 20

Set guidelines for police questioning of the accused to protect them from self incrimination and protect their right to counsel.

Front 21

Planned Parenthood v. Casey 1992

Back 21

Loosened evaluations for restriction on abortion from “strict scrutiny” on a “fundamental right” to one of “undue burden” to permit more regulation.

Front 22

Plessy v. Ferguson 1896

Back 22

Ruled that equal but separate accommodations for the white and colored races was constitutional.

Front 23

Reed v. Reed 1971

Back 23

Upheld a claim of gender discrimination

Front 24

Regents of the Univ. of Cal. v. Bakke 1978

Back 24

Concluded that a state university could not admit less qualified individuals solely because of their rae, but affirmative action policies using race as a criterion for admission is permissible if it is formulated correctly.

Front 25

Reynolds vs US 1878

Back 25

Ruled that religious duty cannot be a defense against criminal indictment; involved a law against bigamy in Utah.

Front 26

Roe v. Wade 1973

Back 26

State bans on abortion is unconstitutional: no intervention in first trimester, can protect mother in second, can protect fetus in third.

Front 27

Texas v. Johnson 1989

Back 27

Forbade banning the burning of the American flag because it is symbolic speech protected by the first amendment.

Front 28

Tinker v. Des Moines 1969

Back 28

Ruled that first amendment rights applied to schools, and that any regulation needs a constitutionally valid reason.