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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Barron v Baltimore
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Bill of Rights restrained only nat'l gov, not states and cities, so states are allowed to make laws that violate bill of rights
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Gitlow v New York
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holds that freedom of press and speech (1st amendment) are important and protected by due process clause of 14th amend and cannot be impaired by states as well as fed gov
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Lemon v Kurtzman
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said aid to church related schools must:
1) have a secular legislative purpose 2) effect cannot advance or inhibit religion 3) cannot foster gov "entanglement" with religion |
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Engel v Vitale
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state officials violated first amend when they wrote a prayer to be recited vy NY schoolchildren
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Near v Minnesota
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1st amend protects newspapers from prior restraint. (allows for newspapers to publish whatever they want)
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Roth v US
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ruled that "obscenity is not within the area of const protected speech or press" (so is not protected by the 1st amend)
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Miller v California
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avoided defining obscenity by letting community standards determine whether material is obscene
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New York Times v Sullivan
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est guidelines for determining whether public officials and public figures could win damage suits for libel. (must prove that said libel was made with "actual malice" and reckless disregard for truth)
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Mapp v Ohio
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4th amend protection against unreasonable searches and seizures must be extended to states as well as to the fed gov.
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Miranda v Arizona
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sets guidelines for police questioning of accused persons to protect them against self-incrimination and to protect their right to counsel
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Gideon v Wainwright
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everyone accused of a felony in a state or federal court has right to an attorney or else his conviction will be reversed
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Gregg v Georgia
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upheld const of death penalty and that it does not constitute as cruel & unusual punishment
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McCleskey v Kemp
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upheld const of death penalty against charges that it violated 14th amend since minority defendants were more likely to receive death penalty than white defendants
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Schwann v Charlotte-Mecklenberg County Schools
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ordered busing of students to racially balance schools
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Griswold v Connecticut
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when idea of right to privacy was first brought up. ruled that bill of rights cast "penumbras" (unstated liberties implied by explicitly stated rights) to protect right to privacy
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Roe v Wade
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held that state ban on all abortions was unconst. Forbade state control over 1st trimester of pregnancy, permitted states to limit abortions to protect mother's health in 2nd trimester, and permitted states to protect fetus in 3rd trimester
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Scott v Sandford
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slave who escaped into a free state enjoyed no rights as a citizen and congress has no authority to ban slavery in western territories (invaliated Missouri Compromise)
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Plessy v Ferguson
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allowed for "equal but separate" accommodations for whites and blacks
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Brown v Board of Education
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school segregation is unconst bc it violated 14th amend guarantee of equal protection
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Korematsu v US
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upheld const of internment of 100,000 Japanese Americans during WWII
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Reed v Reed
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ruled for 1st time that gender discrimination is unconst bc it violates equal protection of 14th amend
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Craig v Boren
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est "medium scrutiny" standards for determining gender discrimination
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Regents of the UC Davis v Bakke
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students cannot be admitted solely based on race but it can be a contributing factor in college admissions
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Adarand Constructors v Pena
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fed programs that classify people by race should be unconst. created criteria for evaluating affirmative action programs
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New York v US
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Congress does not have the power to force states to implement regulations.
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Guinn v US
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ruled grandfather clause unconst
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Grutter v Bollinger
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Schools may consider race as a part of the admissions process as long as it is only one factor in an individualized process.
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Marbury v Madison
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est judicial review which allowed the courts to declare any law of congress unconst
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