Couples, Families

Front 1

making semiconscious or unconscious choices when one is not aware of all the possible alternatives or when one pursues the path of least resistance.

Back 1

choosing by default

Front 2

making choices and decisions after 1. recognizing as many options or alternatives as possible 2. recognizing the social pressures that can influence personal choices. 3. considering the consequences of each alternative. 4. becoming aware of one's own values.

Back 2

choosing knowledgeably

Front 3

family including relatives besides parents and children such as aunts or uncles

Back 3

extended family

Front 4

values that focus on the family group as a whole and on maintaining family identity and cohesiveness.

Back 4

familistic values

Front 5

any sexually expressive or parent child or other kin relationship in which people live together with a commitment in an intimate interpersonal relationship.

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family

Front 6

the makers consider that the family has varied over time. Argue that family can adapt to recent changes and continue to play a strong role in society

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"family change perspective"

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view such changes as increases in the age at first marriage, divorce, cohabitation, and nonmarital births and the decline in fertility as disastrous for the family as a major social institution

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"family decline perspective"

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any group of people residing together

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household

Front 9

values that encourage self- fulfillment, personal growth, autonomy, and independence over commitment to family or other communal needs.

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individualistic (self- fulfillment) values

Front 10

a family group comprising only the wife, the husband, and their children.

Back 10

nuclear family

Front 11

a group, usually relatively small, in which there are close, face-to-face relationships or equivalent ties that are technologically mediated. Family and friendship group are primary groups

Back 11

primary group

Front 12

a group, often large and geographically dispersed, characterized by distant, practical relationships. An impersonal society is characterized by secondary groups and relations.

Back 12

secondary group

Front 13

the basic feelings people have about themselves, their characteristics and abilities, and their worth; how people think of or view themselves.

Back 13

self-concept

Front 14

economic and social forces that limit personal choices

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structural constraints

Front 15

ways of viewing reality. Lense through which observers view, organize, and then interpret what they see. Lead researchers to identify those aspects of families that are of interest to them.

Back 15

theoretical perspectives

Front 16

theoretical perspective that explores how a family influences and is influenced by the environments that surround it. A family is interdependent first with its neighboorhood, then with its social cultural environment, and with the human built and physical biological environments. All parts of the model are interrelated and influence one another.

Back 16

family ecology perspective

Front 17

what members of a society agree is true- may misrepresent the actual experience of families

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agreement reality

Front 18

theoretical perspective based on concepts linking psychosocial factors to anatomy, physiology, genetics, and/ or hormones as shaped by evolution.

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biosocial perspective

Front 19

applied to a family, a situation in which it is unclear who is in and who is out of the family.

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boundary ambiguity

Front 20

a written summary and analysis of date obtained by psychologists

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case study

Front 21

theoretical perspective that emphasizes social conflict in a society and within families. power and dominance are important themes.

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conflict perspective

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a challenge that must be mastered in one stage of the family life cycle

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developmental task

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the youth and young adult stage of life, which is a period of frequent change and exploration

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emerging adulthood

Front 24

the balanced state of a system

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equilibrium

Front 25

in the biosocial perspective, human behavior is encoded in genetic or other biological features that come to us as members of a species.

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evolutionary heritage

Front 26

balance of rewards and costs in a relationship

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exchange balance

Front 27

theoretical perspective that sees relationships as determined by the exchange of resources and the reward-cost balance of that exchange. predicts that people tend to marry others whose social class, education, physical attractiveness, and even self esteem are similar to their own.

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exchange theory

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knowledge based on personal experience

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experiential reality

Front 29

one tool of scientific investigation, in which behaviors are carefully monitored or measured under controlled conditions.

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experiment

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family including relatives besides parents and children, such as aunts or uncles.

Back 30

extended family

Front 31

family members understandings of who is and who is not in the family

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family boundaries

Front 32

theoretical perspective that gives attention to changes in the family over time

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family development perspective

Front 33

in evolutionary theories of human behavior, the propensity to advance preservation of ones genes either through direct reproduction (ones own offspring) or through facilitating the survival and reproduction of close relatives.

Back 33

inclusive fitness

Front 34

activities performed by families for the benefit of society and of family members

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family function

Front 35

stages of family development defined by the addition and subtraction of family members, children's stages, and changes in the family's connection with other social systems

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family life cycle

Front 36

all the actions, procedures, regulations, attitudes, and goals of government that affect families

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family policy

Front 37

the form a family takes such as nuclear family, extended family, single parent family, stepfamily, and the like.

Back 37

family structure

Front 38

an umbrella term for a wide range of specific theories, examines the family as a whole. it looks to the patterns of behavior and relationships within the family, in which each member is affected by the behavior of others. Systems tend toward equilibrium and will react to change in one part by seeking equilibrium either by restoring the old system or by creating a new one.

Back 38

family systems theory

Front 39

focus is male dominance in families and society as oppressive to women.

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feminist perspective

Front 40

a sense of inner sameness developed by individuals throughout their lives. They know who they are throughout their various endeavors and pursuits, no matter how different these may be.

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identity

Front 41

a requirement of research involving human subjects

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informed consent

Front 42

the exchange of conversation, gestures, expressions, and so on as two or more people are engaged with each other face-to-face.

Back 42

interaction

Front 43

theoretical perspective that focuses on internal family dynamics; the ongoing action among and response to one another or family members

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interactionist perspective

Front 44

make a part of oneself. often refers to the socialization process by which children learn their parents norms

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internalize

Front 45

process of obtaining informed consent.

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institutional review board( IRB)

Front 46

observation of behavior, including verbal behavior in an environment controlled by the researcher.

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laboratory observation

Front 47

one technique of scientific investigation in which researchers study the same individuals or groups over an extended period

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longitudinal study

Front 48

the concept that people gradually come to accept and adopt as their own evaluations, definitions, and judgements of themselves that they see reflected in the faces, words, and gestures of those around them.

Back 48

looking glass self

Front 49

what a given activity or statement conveys symbolically

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meaning

Front 50

a technique of scientific investigation in which a researcher lives with a family or social group or spends extensive time with them, carefully recording their activities, conversations, gestures, and other aspects of everyday life.

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naturalistic obeservation

Front 51

the thesis that to proceed through the family life cycle "on time" provides the best chance for a good adjustment in each family. applies as well to the sequence of education, job, marriage and parenthood

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normative order hypothesis

Front 52

a family group comprising only the wife, the husband, and their children

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nuclear family

Front 53

moving from one family life cycle stage to another according to the most common cultural pattern.

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"on time" transition

Front 54

a social system in which males are dominant

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patriarchy

Front 55

the postulate that the partner with the least interest in the relationship is the one who is more apt to control the relationship and to exploit the other.

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principle of least interest

Front 56

in exchange theory or intimate partner power analysis, the assets an individual can bring to the relationship

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resources

Front 57

in exchange theory or related theoretical analysis, the benefits and disadvantages of a relationship

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rewards and costs

Front 58

the expectations associated with a particular position in society or in a family.

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role

Front 59

improvising a course of action as a way of enacting a role. may use our acts to alter the traditional expectations and obligations associated with a role.

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role- making

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assuming and enacting roles in sequence rather than trying to perform what may be competing roles at the same time.

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role sequencing

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playing a role associated with a status one occupies, such as taking the mother role when one has a child. it can also mean acting out a role that is not, or not yet, ones own as when children play "mommy"

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role- taking

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" a logical system that bases knowledge on... systematic observations, empirical evidence, facts we verify with our senses."

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science

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in social science, the systematic gathering of information

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scientific investigation

Front 64

the basic feelings people have about themselves, their characteristics and abilities, and their worth; how people think of or view themselves.

Back 64

self- concept

Front 65

a system of patterned and predictable ways of thinking and behaving- beliefs, values, attitudes, and norms- concerning important aspects of peoples lives in society

Back 65

social institution

Front 66

theoretical perspective that looks to the functions that institutions perform for society and the structural form of the institution.

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structure- functional perspective

Front 67

a technique of scientific investigation using questionnaires of brief face to face interviews or both.

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survey

Front 68

a combination of elements or components that are interrelated and organized as a whole.

Back 68

system