Counseling Test 1 (Set 3)

Front 1

Can thoughts and feelings be separated?

Back 1

Thoughts and feelings can’t really be separated, but they are for sake of coverage in this book.

Front 2

What is beneficial about hearing oneself talk?

Back 2

Hearing oneself talk about problems allows a client to understand him/herself better.

Front 3

What is essential about taking this slowly in session?

Back 3

Slow down, think deeply about issues, but not rumination (or corumination) or endlessly listing complaints

Front 4

What is the goal of a good session?

Back 4

Break problem out into pieces and discuss in supportive, nonjudgmental setting.

Front 5

What is cognitive exploring?

Back 5

Cognitive exploring – often pauses to check things out, voice tone varies, engaging to hear (vs story telling & rumination)

Front 6

What are restatements?

Back 6

Restatements - repeating or paraphrasing the content or meaning of what a client has said that typically contains fewer but similar words and usually is more concrete and clear than the client's statement.

Front 7

What is beneficial about restatements?

Back 7

-Can be tentative or direct.
-Can paraphrase what the client just said or relate to earlier material. Emphasis on substance or content rather than feelings or inner experience.

Front 8

What is beneficial about summaries?

Back 8

-Summaries - often given at the end of sessions
-type of restatement that tie together several ideas
-or pick out highlights or general themes
-do not go beyond what client has said
-helps focus a series of scattered ideas and clears the way for new ideas
-reassures clients that helper has been listening
-allows helper to check accuracy.

Front 9

Restatements do WHAT?

Back 9

-Restatements help clients explore concerns deeply. Help clarify when they are unclear and focus when they are rambling or vague. Help support clients, allow them to talk, encourage catharsis.
-Generally shorter and more concise (cutting edge) than client's statement, focusing on most important material. -Focus on client's thoughts rather than those of other people or feelings.

Front 10

True or false restatements are passive, but active attempts to capture essence of client experience?

Back 10

False. They're not passive.

Front 11

How do you know what's important to the client?

Back 11

-What client focuses on the most.
-What they seem most involved talking about.
-What they have questions/conflicts about.
-What is left unresolved.
-Nonverbal cues can also tip us off.

Front 12

When exploring thoughts what is important to remember?

Back 12

-Consistent with client-centered approach, need to listen at deep level to determine what is important for client.
-Focus on one piece of an issue.
-Don’t have an agenda for what should emerge.
-Don’t try to solve problem, try to hear story and facilitate exploration.

Front 13

What are some examples of varying formats of exploring thoughts?

Back 13

Vary the format:
"I hear you saying . . ."
"It sounds as though . . ."
"I wonder whether . . ."
"You're saying that . . ."
"(keyword)?"

Front 14

What are some potential difficulties when exploring throughts?

Back 14

Potential difficulties:
-parroting
-restating only surface thoughts
-feeling frustrated
focusing on someone other than client

Front 15

What is beneficial about open ended questions?

Back 15

Open Questions:
-Interventions that help clients clarify or explore thoughts
-Don’t request specific information (not yes/no or 1 or 2 word answer)
-Help clients talk longer & more deeply
-Good when clients rambling, repeating, but not exploring
-Clarify confusion, provide structure
-Show helper is tracking and interested

Front 16

What do open questions do?

Back 16

Open questions provide direction, point to exploring problem piece at a time.

Front 17

What do probes do?

Back 17

Probes for thoughts are a subcategory, make statement not ask question (“Tell me more.”)

Front 18

What is an example of a clarifcation/focus question?

Back 18

Clarification/Focus – “What did you mean by that?”

Front 19

What is an example of a thoughts question?

Back 19

Thoughts – “Tell me more about your thoughts on that.”

Front 20

What is an example of a feelings question?

Back 20

Feelings – “What feelings do you have about your mother?”

Front 21

What is an example of an examples question?

Back 21

Examples – “Give me an example of what you do when you’re angry.”

Front 22

What is a checklist of things to remember in session?

Back 22

-Tone of voice: Low and soft, said slowly, phrased tentatively
-Be supportive, nonjudgmental, encouraging
-Short & simple
-One at a time
-Keep focus on client (not others)
-Keep focus on current thoughts unless influenced by past experiences
-Avoid “why”, use “what” or “how”
-Be culturally sensitive

Front 23

What are some common difficulties that we're going to see?

Back 23

-Using same format constantly
-Using only open questions (should intersperse with restatements)
-Asking to satisfy curiosity instead of helping client explore
-Asking multiple questions at once
-Using closed rather than open questions

Front 24

What is important to remember about closed questions?

Back 24

-OK if you want specific information
-Or for clarification
-Or in crisis (to collect information for appropriate referrals, etc.)
-Or for interviews, like academic advising
-Remain empathic and encourage exploration

Front 25

As humans what do we do to unwanted feelings?

Back 25

We often ignore, deny, distort, or repress our feelings because we believe them to be unacceptable

Front 26

What happens when we don't accept ourselves?

Back 26

We grow apart from our inner experiencing, don't accept ourselves

Front 27

True or false, feelings are at least as important as content?

Back 27

True.

Front 28

When is the best time to experience feelings?

Back 28

Best if experienced in here and now.

Front 29

What can expression of emotions enable helpers to do?

Back 29

Expression of emotions enables helpers to know and understand them.

Front 30

What are some things to know about emotions?

Back 30

-If accepted emotions, can become open to new feelings and experiences.
-May have several conflicting feelings about a topic.
-If feelings not “accepted” may leak out, sometimes in destructive ways.
-According to Greenberg (2002), anger, sadness, fear, shame, pain, and hurt seem to be most important feelings for therapeutic change.
-Emotions can exist in layers (hard and soft emotions)

Front 31

What are some cultural differences with expressing emotions?

Back 31

Cultural differences in expressing emotion and revealing personal experiences - might be more reserved or more demonstrative, have different experiences attached to feeling words.
-Some folks have hard time expressing feelings.
Being aware of feelings makes one less likely to act out on them unintentionally (emotional regulation).

Front 32

What is our most important skill?

Back 32

Reflection of feelings.

Front 33

What is the definition of reflection of feelings?

Back 33

repeating or rephrasing client’s statements with an explicit identification of feelings (can also go after reason for feelings

Front 34

What is reflection of feelings used for?

Back 34

Reflection of Feelings used to identify and intensify feelings, encourage catharsis, clarify, instill hope, encourage self-control.

Front 35

What are some benefits of exploring feelings?

Back 35

-Enabling clients to enter into internal experiences.
-Validate feelings.
-Often difficult to identify and accept on own, difficult to articulate because they are sensations, often not fully understood.
-Asking "how do you feel?" may stimulate defenses, feel threatened.

Front 36

What are some benefits of sharing ones own feelings in session?

Back 36

-Helper can model expression of feelings.
-Labeling feelings help identify, show helper not afraid of them, accept client.
-Demonstrate helper is actively engaged in trying to understand client, forces him/her to check accuracy of perceptions.
-Reflection of feelings can indicate empathy, but can be unempathic. Sometimes other interventions can be more empathic (e.g., challenge).

Front 37

What is the process of exploring feelings?

Back 37

-"You feel ______ because ______.
-Pick only most salient feeling, match intensity.
-Focus on present rather than past feelings.
-Allow time to absorb and process feelings (are multifaceted).
-Keep focus on client.
-Vary the format (can use metaphor).

Front 38

What are the sources of various reflections?

Back 38

Sources of Reflections:
-Client’s expression of feeling
-Client’s verbal content
-Nonverbal behaviors
-Projection of helper’s feelings
-Reflections don’t have to be accurate, can elicit clarification.
-(Recall, helper’s feelings can be empathy, general or idiosyncratic reactions to client.)

Front 39

When do we focus on emotions?

Back 39

-Therapeutic bond exists
-Agree to work on emotions
-Client avoiding feelings
-Client behaves maladaptively due to lack of awareness of feelings
-Client needs to reprocess traumatic experiences

Front 40

When not to focus on emotions in a session?

Back 40

-Therapeutic relationship not strong
-Client feels overwhelmed by emotions
-Client going through severe emotional crisis
-Client has history of aggression, falling apart, substance abuse, self-harm, inability to regulate emotions, lack of coping skills
-Client strongly resists expressing feelings
-Not enough time to work through feelings
-Helper lacks experience with distraught clients

Front 41

What are some problems that a client might have?

Back 41

-Clients may feel too good and lose motivation to change.
-Spew forth feelings without experiencing them.
-Can reveal more than they can tolerate.
-Client may assume helper knows more about her/him than s/he does.

Front 42

What are some common difficulties with beginning counselors?

Back 42

-Dealing with intense feelings
-Capturing most intense (salient) feeling to reflect
-Separating one’s own feelings from client’s
-Stating feeling word too adamantly, leaving clients with difficulty correcting you or expressing other feelings.

Front 43

What kinds of things might be beneficial when disclosing one's own feelings?

Back 43

-How helper felt in similar situation, hypothetical, or how feels in response to client (here and now)
-Good for modeling, stimulate client recognition and expression of feelings
-Normalize client experience
-Avoid helper imposing feelings on client
-Don’t use to meet own needs

Front 44

When exloring feelings, probes and open questions...?

Back 44

Open questions (or probes) about feelings
-Most reliable way to have clients express feelings (by asking)
-Vary the format

Front 45

What are some goals for the exploration stage?

Back 45

-Put client at ease
-Help feel safe
-Atmosphere where client can talk
-Listen attentively to client
-Observe client
-Use attending, listening, observation skills
-Help client explore content, tell story
-Use restatements & open questions
-Arousal of client emotions
-Use reflection of feelings, disclosure of feelings, open questions about feelings

Front 46

What does the reflection of feelings do for the client?

Back 46

-Reflection of feeling helps clients explore deeply
-Encourages client to talk (about feelings)
-Shows support & understanding
-Identify possible feelings for client

Front 47

How do disclosures of ones own feelings benefit the client?

Back 47

Soft, tentative way to identify feelings

Front 48

What do you do if the client won't talk about feelings?

Back 48

Alternate reflections with asking open questions about feelings

Front 49

How do you gain focus or clarify client content issues?

Back 49

Use restatements

Front 50

How do you maintain flow of session?

Back 50

-Use open questions, follow with reflection, to show you understand and are listening, intermingle restatements
-Put responsibility for dialogue back on client

Front 51

What are the benefits of closed ended questions?

Back 51

-Gather specific information
-For client’s benefit only (what will you do with the information?)

Front 52

What are some important things to keep in mind as the session progresses and the client is telling their story?

Back 52

-Keep focus on client at all times, and on specific concerns.
-Fade into background as client productively explores (minimal encouragers)
-Summarize at end of discussion, end of session, or beginning of session. "Does that fit for you?" Or have client summarize.

Front 53

When does circling occur?

Back 53

-Circling occurs with too many closed questions or use restatements or reflections that:
-are focused on someone other than the client
-are too global or vague
-do not direct open questions to ask about other aspects of the problem

Front 54

Before and during sessions you should use:?

Back 54

-Deep breathing
-Focus on client
-Positive self-talk
-Turn floor over to client when possible

Front 55

What should be gone over in the first session?

Back 55

-Provide info about structure of helping process and explore client's expectations.
-Can self disclose about background/credentials.
-Clarify issues of confidentiality (harm to self/others, child abuse, supervision)
-Will be recorded, may be watched.
-“Is there anything you want to know about me or the process?”
-"What would you like to talk about?"
-"What's on your mind today?"

Front 56

During the first session the client is generally focus on content so you should?

Back 56

-Use restatements, then open questions as needed
-After establishing rapport, reflections, followed by open questions about feelings
-Intersperse feeling oriented interventions with restatements, open questions.

Front 57

When has the client explored enough?

Back 57

WHEN YOU KNOW:
-What is client’s problem?
-What is motivating client to seek help now?
-How does client think and feel about problem?
-What does client do to maintain problem?

Front 58

Is there a right or wrong way to help?

Back 58

No you must:
-Work to develop own style.
-Use personal strengths

Front 59

In terms of helper self awareness what are some internal cues to use?

Back 59

-Am I bored?
-Do I feel attracted?
-Do I feel irritated?
-Do I want to solve problem?
-Do I feel anxious?
-Am I trying to impress?
-Am I acting differently than I should?
-My personal issues getting tapped?
-How can I keep them from negative impact?
-Address in supervision with reference to work with clients.

Front 60

What are some cultural considerations to remember?

Back 60

-Western culture encourages open examination of thoughts, feelings, self-healing, self-actualization
-Eastern cultures more collectivist
-Client may prefer action to exploration
-Don’t impose own values, but need some level of exploration
-Don’t stereotype clients, more variation within a culture than between cultures
-Check with client

Front 61

What does be aware of your own feelings mean?

Back 61

-Inadequate attending and listening
-Asking too many closed questions
-Talking too much
-Giving too much (or premature) advice
-Being “buddies”
-Not allowing silence
-Inappropriately self-disclosing
-Discouraging intense expression of affect
-Dissociating and panicking
-Feeling inadequate

Front 62

What are some common strategies to overcome difficulties as a helper?

Back 62

-Observe experienced/skilled helpers
-Imagery
-Role-play
-Practice
-Deep breathing
-Focus on client
-Positive self-talk

Front 63

Hans Eysenck 1952 article suggests which of the following?

Back 63

Counseling doesn't really work

Front 64

Developing a relationship with a client during the exploration stage is very important because this stage of the relationship allows for?

Back 64

The client to feel heard and cared for

Front 65

Select the best reflection of feelings from the following?

Back 65

You feel angry toward your professor for giving you…

Front 66

When using an open question it is best to?

Back 66

Provide a reflection of feelings or restatement after the question

Front 67

According to Goleman, ______ processing runs through the prefrontal area of the neocortex and is within conscious awareness?

Back 67

High road

Front 68

According to Greenberg, 2002, the role of cognitive processing of emotion is to?

Back 68

help make sense of emotion and help regulate emotion