Counseling Test 1- Hill On Rogers

Front 1

Rogers in 1957

Back 1

-Incredibly influential
-Laid out statement of personality change, 6 “necessary & sufficient” conditions, and resulting hypotheses

Front 2

What did Rogers believe about Therapeutic personality changes?

Back 2

-Both surface and deep levels
-Greater integration, less internal conflict, more energy for living, more mature behavior
-More than just symptom change

Front 3

How does Rogers feel about the need for relationships with clients?

Back 3

-Two persons in psychological contact (must be in relationship for change to occur)
-relationship correlates highly with outcome in therapy-but self help guru's argue against this

Front 4

How does Rogers feel about states of incongruence?

Back 4

-Discrepancies between self vs experience or real vs ideal self create vulnerability and anxiety
-Not much empirical support for this
-However, 40% outcome improvement due to client and extratherapeutic variables
Self-healing capacity
Readiness for change
Client involvement

Front 5

What does Genuine mean?

Back 5

congruent, open, freely & deeply oneself, not phony, transparent, self-aware

Front 6

What are some arguements about genuineness?

Back 6

-Evidence that congruence not precondition for empathy or positive regard
-Genuineness not necessary or sufficient for good outcomes
-Most important (probably) for corrective relational experiences, but not other types of change
-Should focus more on therapist self-awareness

Front 7

What is unconditional positive regard according to Rogers?

Back 7

-Warm acceptance, nonpossessive warmth, prizing, affirmation, respect, support, caring

Front 8

What does Clara think about unconditional positive regard?

Back 8

-Vague and hard to pin down
Overlaps with empathy and genuineness
-Impossible to be consistently and genuinely unconditional

Front 9

What does Clara think about Roger's empathy?

Back 9

-Sense client’s private world as if own, but without losing the “as if” quality
-May reflect more cognitive than affective empathy (attunement), more like “perspective-taking”
-Rogers may actually mean compassion (deep attunement to client suffering) and action (cutting through slothful ignorance)
-Client preference for level of empathy may relate to attachment history (Bowlby)

Front 10

How does Clara feel about Rogers’ Client Perception of Therapist Acceptance & Empathy?

Back 10

Unless conditions have been communicated, they do not exist for the client

Front 11

What are the three stages of empathy?

Back 11

-Therapist feels it (empathic resonance)
-Therapist expresses it (expressed empathy)
-Client experiences it (received empathy)

Front 12

What are the various arguements about the 6 neccessary conditions?

Back 12

-Rogers’ assumed 6 conditions are necessary and sufficient
-Norcross (2002) notes conditions can be facilitative, but not necessary or sufficient
-Rogers says works for all clients, all types of therapy, all types of relationships, all types of therapists
-Clara says that’s naive

Front 13

What are the arguements for assessments and therapeutic relationships?

Back 13

-Rogers says they client diagnosis is not necessary
-Clara says assessment is quite helpful
-Rogers says techniques relatively unimportant except to convey conditions
-Clara argues therapeutic relationship and techniques are inextricably intertwined

Front 14

According to Frank and Frank what did Roger's leave out?

Back 14

-Emotionally charged relationship in healing setting
-Plausible explanation for client’s distress and plausible ritual for resolving distress
-Remoralization of client in therapy through use of rituals
-Therapeutic relationship
-Building expectations for change
-Providing new learning experiences
-Arousal of emotions
-Enhanced sense of mastery
-Opportunities for practice

Front 15

According to Goddfried what did Rogers leave out?

Back 15

-Promoting motivation to change, belief that therapy can help
-Establishing good therapeutic alliance
-Facilitating awareness of factors associated with difficulties
-Encouraging engagement in corrective experiences
-Emphasizing reality testing

Front 16

To sum up, what do people think of Rogers' stuff now?

Back 16

-Most practitioners of all orientations now recognize need to attend to relational aspects of working with clients
-Greater focus now on empathy training

Front 17

What are Roger's 6 conditions

Back 17

-Therapeutic relationship
-Therapeutic personality change
-State of incongruence
-Therapist's genuiness
-UCPR
-Empathy