Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
The most valuable type of research is used to discover cause and effect relationships and is called a _______ experiment. |
true |
|
|
An experiment is said to be _________ when undesirable variables are not kept out of the experiment. |
confounded, flawed |
|
|
A counselor educator is conducting an experiment to test a new form of counseling. Unknown to the experimenter one of the clients in the study is secretly seeing a gestalt therapist. This experiment is __________. |
confounded |
|
|
In order for a professor to conduct an experiment he will need two groups, a __________ group and a __________. |
experimental, control |
|
|
From a purely statistical standpoint, in order to compare a control group (which does not receive the IV or experimental manipulation) to the experimental group the researcher will need a test of __________. |
significance |
|
|
When you see the letter P in relation to a test of significance it means __________. |
probability |
|
|
In the social sciences, the accepted probability level is usually __________. |
P = <.05 |
|
|
P = .05 really means __________. |
experimenter will obtain results 95/100 times, or 5% chance of error |
|
|
A counselor believes that clients who receive assertiveness training will ask more questions in counseling classes. An experimental group receives assertiveness training while a control group does not. In order to test for significant differences between the groups the counselor could utilize __________. |
t-test |
|
|
If the researcher conducting an experiment utilizes two IV's then the statistic of choice might be __________. |
2 way ANOVA (analysis of variance) |
|
|
In a new experiment, a counselor educator wants to ferret out the effects of more than one IV. To do this, the experimenter will use a __________ design. |
factorial |
|
|
Numerically, correlations go from __________ to __________ to __________. |
-1, 0, 1 |
|
|
When a researcher uses a correlation, then there is no direct manipulation of the IV. A researcher might ask, for example, how IQ correlates with the incidence of panic disorder. Again, nothing is manipulated; just measured. In cases such as this a correlation coefficient will reveal the __________ between IQ and panic disorder. |
relationship |
|
|
Behaviorists often utilize N=1 (using only one subject), which is called intensive experimental design. The first step in this approach would be to take a __________. |
baseline measure |
|
|
When a distribution of scores is not distributed normally and it leans to the left or to the right statisticians call it a __________ distribution. |
skewed |
|
|
Test scores on an exam that fell below three standard deviations of the mean or above three standard deviations of the mean could be described as extreme scores or __________. |
outliers |
|
|
If an experiment can be replicated or repeated by others with almost identical findings, then the experiment is said to be __________. |
reliable
|
|
|
The simplest form of descriptive research is the __________, which requires a questionnaire return rate of approximately __________ to be accurate. |
survey, 50-75% |
|
|
A researcher notes that a group of clients who are not receiving counseling, but are observed in a research study, are improving. Her hypothesis is that the attention she has given them has been curative. The best explanation of their improvement would be the __________ effect. |
Hawthorne |
|
|
A panel of investigators discovered that a researcher who completed a major study had unconsciously rated attractive females as better counselors. This is an example of the __________. |
halo effect |
|
|
The ability to apply the results of a research project to people other than the subjects that are used in the study is known as generalizability or __________ __________. |
external validity |
|
|
A study in which the research attempts to determine the cause or reason for preexisting differences between groups of individuals is called ex post facto or __________ __________ research. |
causal comparative |
|
|
Standardized tests always have __________ procedures for test administration and scoring. |
formal |
|
|
Two classmates overhear their professor talking about an experiment he is doing on the class they are taking. They both react differently to the news so the results are biased due to their professor's expectations. This is an example of __________ __________. |
demand characteristics |
|
|
A __________ test is not always valid, but a __________ test is always reliable. |
reliable, valid |
|
|
Switching the order in which stimuli are presented to a subject in a study is known as __________. |
counter-balancing |
|
|
In a random sample each individual in the population has an equal chance of being selected. Selection is by chance. In a new study, however, it will be important to include 20% Hispanic Americans and 10% African Americans. For this study, the best type of sampling procedure would be __________ __________. |
Stratified Randomized |
|
|
An operational definition outlines a __________. |
procedure |
|
|
A researcher studies a single session of counseling in which a counselor treats a client's phobia using a paradoxical strategy. He then writes in his research report that paradox is the treatment of choice for phobias in all individuals. This is an example of __________ logic or reasoning. |
inductive |
|
|
A client goes to a succession of 14 chemical dependency centers that operate on the 12-step model. When his current therapist suggests a new inpatient program the client responds with, "What for, I already know how the 12 steps work?" This client is using __________ logic. |
deductive |
|
|
Clients are asked to respond on a scale using numbers which represent whether they strongly agree, somewhat agree, are neutral, somewhat disagree, or strongly agree with aspects of their treatment. The therapist has used a(n) __________ for scoring the questionnaire. |
Likert scale |
