Coun Law & Ethics Chpt. 4

Front 1

Cultural encapsulation as an ethical issue

Back 1

Cultural encapsulation: exhibiting cultural tunnel vision, which is a perception of reality based on a limited set of cultural experiences. Culturally encapsulated counselors 1) define reality to 1 set of assumptions; 2) shows insensitivity to cultural variations; 3) accepts unreasoned assumptions; narrow cultural vision. Ethics require recognition of special needs of diverse populations; need to constantly monitor biases.

Front 2

Cultural Vocabulary

Back 2

1) culture: broad in defintion-can be associated with race/ethnicity, gender, religion, economic status, nationality, disability, sexual orientation; 2) ethnicity: a sense of identity stemming from common ancestry, history, nationality, religion and race; 3) multiculturalism: indicates any relationship between and within two or more diverse groups; 4) Diversity: the spectrum of differences that exist among groups of people with unique cultural backgrounds; 5)cultural empathy: therapists' awareness of clients' worldviews; 6) stereotypes: oversimplified generalizations of individuals of a specific group; 7) racism: behavior that denies access to opportunities based on one's race; cultural racism: belief that one's own culture is superior to all others.

Front 3

Ethics codes from a diversity perspective

Back 3

the practitioner is responsible to recognize the special needs of diverse client populations; tailor the counseling process to clients cultural context.

Front 4

Role of cultural values and assumptions in therapy

Back 4

Cultural assumptions can be harmful to clients and result in misdirected therapy; common assumptions include: 1) client has to self-disclose, 2) being assertive is better than non-assertive, 3) self-actualization is goal; client should immediately trust therapist, 4) certain non-verbal behaviors (e.g., poor eye contact, silence) are maladaptive, 5) being direct & to the point is best.

Front 5

Matching of client and counselor

Back 5

Clinician does not have to match client to be effective. There are both pros and cons regarding whether counselor or client should introduce cultural differences discussions. Counselor must be aware of cultural countertransference (e.g. biases, values, attitudes, etc.). Culturally skilled counselor has 3 dimensions: 1) awareness of his/her cultural countertransference, 2) knowledge of your own and your clients worldview/sociopolitial influences, 3) skills/techniques necessary to serve diverse groups. With all these in development, matching will better integrate.

Front 6

Ethics related to sexual orientation-LGBT (Lesbian,Gay,Bisexual,Transgender) counseling needs

Back 6

Ethics require therapists to develop knowledge and skills to competently deliver services to LGBT population; counselors should not practice outside of expertise; should refer in such a case; therapists must analyze and confront own values regarding LGBT. Counseling Needs: 1) coming out, 2) family estrangement, 3) support system issues, 4) internalized homophobia (i.e., they've internalized society's stigmas), 5) societal stigma.

Front 7

What does multicultural competence entail?

Back 7

1) Counselor awareness of own cultural values and biases; 2) Understanding the client's worldview; 3) Develop culturally appropriate intervention strategies and techniques.