Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Passive Margin Coasts and expanding oceans
|
Embryonic, Incipient ocean, Narrow Ocean and Developed ocean
|
|
|
Passive Margin Coasts and expanding oceans
|
Embryonic, Incipient ocean, Narrow Ocean and Developed ocean
|
|
|
Embryonic
|
Modern rifting of east africa. Late Triassic rifting of Atlantic
|
|
|
Incipient ocean
|
modern red sea, Gulf of california. late jurassic tethys
|
|
|
Narrow Ocean
|
Jurassic North atlantic, cretaceous south atlantic and tethys
|
|
|
Developed Ocean
|
modern atlantic, still widening at 3 - 4 cm/yr
|
|
|
Active margin coasts and contracting oceans
|
Contracting oceans, Terminal ocean, relict scar, Lateral shear
|
|
|
Contracting ocean
|
Plate convergense and subduction leading to trenches (Peru-chile, middle america) moutain continental margins(Andes, Mesoamerica)Island arcs(Marianas, aleutians, Kurile, Japanese islands)
|
|
|
Terminal ocean
|
Shrinkage to a large sea with bordering uplift or subduction(shrinkage of tethys to form modern mediterranean-black-caspian sea)
|
|
|
Relict scar
|
where oceans have been squeezed out by continent collisions or suture(indian suture with asia along the himalayan-tibetan sutures. suture of late paleozoic terranes of E. North America and NW africa
|
|
|
Lateral shear
|
where plates move laterally alongside one another (late cretaceous shear of norther brazil from guinea coast of africa. modern shear of baja cali relative to mainland mexico. shear between n. and south islands of new zealand
|
|
|
Active margines
|
west coast of the americas, the west coast of europe and africa are considered to be passive coast
|
|
|
Tethys
|
the last great ocean which closed up since break up of pangea
|
|
|
Major tectonic plates
|
Africa, Pacific, So. American, No. American, Eurasian, Antarctic
|
|
|
Minor tectonic plates
|
Australian, Nazca, Caribbean, Scotia, Arabian, Arabian, Filipino, Cocos, Juan de Fuca
|
|
|
Wilson Cycle
|
supercontinents assemble every 500 Ma and then break up. Last one Pangea 300-200 Ma- broke up into Laurussia and Godwana.
|
|
|
Passive coast
|
Structure at right angle to coast (discordant). Atlantic coasts
|
|
|
Active coast
|
Structures parallel to coast (concordant). Pacific coasts. Plates colliding.
|
|
|
Glacio-isostacy
|
Scandanavia, scotland, hudson bay
|
|
|
Density Currents
|
ocean currents with enormous discharge of water(antarctic circumpolar current, Gulf stream, Kuro shio. does not really involve in erosion and sediment transport..
|
|
|
Density Currents
|
ocean currents with enormous discharge of water(antarctic circumpolar current, Gulf stream, Kuro shio. does not really involve in erosion and sediment transport..
|
|
|
Density Currents
|
ocean currents with enormous discharge of water(antarctic circumpolar current, Gulf stream, Kuro shio. does not really involve in erosion and sediment transport..
|
|
|
Tidal currents
|
rotating currents, reversing currents, hydraulic currents
|
|
|
Rotating currents
|
open ocean are unimportant nearshore.
|
|
|
Reversing currents
|
occure when water is forced into estuaries- san francisco bay, where flood currents has maximum velocity of 1.7 m/s and the ebb current a maximum velocity of 2.3 m/s. One side high tide the other low tide.
|
|
|
Hydraulic currents
|
between two water bodies whose tidal regime is out of phase.(deception pass, washington. Straits of dover. Berging strait.) involve massive discharges such as those through the straits of dover between the english channel and n. sea. important effect on sediment. Scar trophs, sand ribbions
|
|
|
Wave induced currents
|
Onshore, offshore, rip, longshore.
|
|
|
Wave induced currents
|
Onshore, offshore, rip, longshore.
|
|
|
Onshore currents
|
set up by traslatory wave motion with wave rays approaching normal to the shore and culminating in swash against the beach face.
|
|
|
offshore currents
|
set up by the seaward return flow of water that has piled up against the shore, sometimes concentrated into high- velocity filaments called rip-currents.
|
|
|
Longshore currents .
|
set up by oblique wave approach and capable of trasporting large quatities of sediment along the shore as a littoral drift
|
|
|
Wind stress currentss
|
gentle water motions set up at the ocean-atmosphere interface have little direct impact on the coast at least until they are converted into wave motions
|
|
|
Oscillatory
|
deep water waves
|
|
|
Translatory
|
shallow water waves
|
|
|
Density currents
|
tend to transport water from the tropics to the poles
|
|
|
Brazil current
|
water moves from quator to the poles(warm current)
|
|
|
Hummbolt, california,banwala currents
|
cold currents coming from the poles to the equator.
|
|
|
Gulf stream
|
largest in the world, transforms into the atlantic current. as moves through cuba florida it scrapes the seafloor, picking up sediment.
|
|
|
S. Equatorial current
|
agullus current, by madagascar, sweeps shelf moves sediment to deeper water
|
|
|
Diluvium
|
is river and ocean deposits
|
|
|
Eustasy
|
relation to global ocean level rises and falls. glacio-eustacy melting glaciers. caused by elnio effects.
|
|
|
Isostacy
|
gravitational equilibrium or flotational balance of earths crust. upset by crustal loading or crustal unloading.
|
|
|
Glacio isostasy
|
was invoked for coastal upslift in scandivavia, scotland, and hudson bay.
|
|
|
Glacio eustasy
|
dominated in Daly and Baulig, or in areas such as mediterranean (Depert)
|
|
|
Microtidal
|
are tides that are lower than 2 meters.
|
|
|
Mesotidal
|
tides from 2 -4 meters
|
|
|
Macrotidal
|
4 - 6 meters
|
|
|
Supertidal
|
over 6
|
|
|
Equilibrium theory
|
relationship bt the earth moon sun.
|
|
|
Dynamic theory
|
intergration of coriolis effect, rotational, speed, ocean depth and ocean shape
|
|
|
semi diurnal tide
|
12 hrs 25mn, lunar day. (coast of africa europe, east coast of US, up towards greenland, along mexico by san fran.
|
|
|
Diurnal tide
|
Diurnal tides have a period of approximately 24 hours (1 day). (Most of West coast of US. and along asian pacific Mixed)
|
|
|
Wave spill
|
on a shallow beach slope
|
|
|
Wave plunge
|
on shallow to intermediate beach slope
|
|
|
Wave surge
|
on a steep beach slope
|
