Cosmetology Terms Ch. 5 & 9

Front 1

AIDS

Back 1

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome, a disease caused by the HIV virus that breaks down the body's immune system.

Front 2

allergy

Back 2

reaction due to extreme sensitivity to certain foods, chemicals, or other normally harmless substances

Front 3

Antiseptics

Back 3

Agents formulated for use of skin

Front 4

Bacilli (bacillus)

Back 4

short, rod-shaped bacteria; the most common bacteria; they produce diseases such as tetanus (lockjaw), typhoid fever, tuberculosis and diphtheria.

Front 5

bacteria

Back 5

one-celled microorganisms. some are harmful, some are harmless.

Front 6

bactericidal

Back 6

capable of destroying bacteria

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bloodborne pathogens

Back 7

disease-causing microorganisms carried in the body by blood or body fluids.

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cilia

Back 8

slender, hair-like extensions that permit locomotion in certain bacteria; their whip-like motion moves bacteria in liquid.

Front 9

cocci

Back 9

round shaped bacteria that appear singly (alone) or in groups

Front 10

contagious disease

Back 10

disease that can be easily spread to others by contact

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diagnosis

Back 11

determining the nature of disease or infection

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diplococci

Back 12

spherical bacteria that grow in pairs and cause disease such as pneumonia.

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disease

Back 13

abnormal condition of all or part of the body, organ, or mind that makes it incapable of carrying out normal function

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disenfectable

Back 14

an item that can be disinfected

Front 15

disinfectants

Back 15

chemical agents that destroy most bacteria, fungi and viruses, but not spores, on surfaces

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disinfection

Back 16

process that eliminates most microorganisms, but is not effective against bacterial spores

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efficacy

Back 17

effectiveness with which a disinfecting solution kills germs, when used according to the label

Front 18

exposure incident

Back 18

contact with non-intact skin, blood, body fluid or other potentially infectious materials that result from performance of an employees duties

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flagella (flagellum)

Back 19

slender, hair-like extensions that permit locomotion in certain bacteria; their whip-like motion moves bacteria in liquid

Front 20

fungi (fungus)

Back 20

microscopic plant parasites, including molds, mildews, and yeasts

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fungicidal

Back 21

capable of destroying fungi

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hepatitis

Back 22

bloodborne virus that causes disease affecting the liver

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HIV

Back 23

human immunodeficiency virus; virus that can cause AIDS

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immunity

Back 24

ability of the body to destroy and resist infection

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infection

Back 25

invasion of body tissue by pathogenic bacteria

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infectious

Back 26

infection that can be spread from one person to another person or from one infected body part to another

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inflammation

Back 27

body's response to injury or infection with redness, heat, pain, and swelling

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microorganism

Back 28

any organism of microscopic to submicroscopic size

Front 29

mildews

Back 29

type of fungus that affects plant or grows on in animate objects but does not cause human infections in the salon setting

Front 30

motility

Back 30

self-movement

Front 31

Material Data Safety Sheet (MSDS)

Back 31

Material Safety Data Sheet; safety information about products compiled by manufacturer

Front 32

multi-use

Back 32

items that can be cleaned, disinfected, and used on more than one person, even if the item is exposed to blood or body fluid.

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nonpathogenic

Back 33

not harmful; organisms that may perform useful functions

Front 34

occupational disease

Back 34

illness resulting from conditions associated with employment

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parasites

Back 35

plant or animal organisms that derive nutrition from another organism

Front 36

pathogenic

Back 36

causing disease; may cause harmful conditions or illnesses in humans

Front 37

pediculosis capitis

Back 37

skin disease caused by infestation of head lice

Front 38

phenolics

Back 38

powerful tuberculocidal disinfectants

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porous

Back 39

absorbent, having pores or openings

Front 40

quaternary ammonium compounds

Back 40

type of disinfectant solution safe for all uses in the salon; commonly called quats

Front 41

sanitation or sanitizing

Back 41

cleaning to remove all visible residue and matter

Front 42

scabies

Back 42

contagious skin disease that is caused by the itch mite, which burrows under the skin

Front 43

single-use or disposable

Back 43

disposable items that cannot be used more than once, either because they cannot be cleaned of all visible residue (such as pumice stones used for pedicures), or because cleaning and disinfecting damages them

Front 44

sodium hypochlorite

Back 44

common household bleach; disinfectant for salon use

Front 45

spirilla

Back 45

spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria that can cause diseases such as syphilis and Lyme disease

Front 46

staphylococci

Back 46

pus-forming bacteria that grow in clusters like bunches of grapes, can cause abscesses, pustules and boils

Front 47

sterilization

Back 47

process that completely destroys all microbial life, including spores

Front 48

steptococci

Back 48

pus-forming bacteria arranged in curved lines resembling a string of beads; they can cause infections such as strep throat and blood poisoning

Front 49

tuberculocidal

Back 49

disinfectants that kill the bacteria that cause tuberculosis

Front 50

universal precautions

Back 50

set of guidelines published by the occupational safety and health administration that requires the employer and employee to assume that all human blood and body fluids contain pathogens and are thus infectious

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virucidal

Back 51

capable of destroying viruses

Front 52

virus

Back 52

microorganism that can invade plants and animals, including bacteria

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alopecia

Back 53

abnormal hair loss

Front 54

alopecia areata

Back 54

the sudden falling out of hair in round patches or baldness in spots; may occur on the scalp and elsewhere on the body

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amino acids

Back 55

units that are joined together end to end by peptide bonds to form the polypeptide chains that comprise proteins

Front 56

anagen

Back 56

growth phase in the hair cycle in which a new hair shaft is created

Front 57

androgenic alopecia

Back 57

hair loss characterized by miniaturization of terminal hair which is converted to vellus hair; in men, it is known as male pattern baldness

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arrector pili

Back 58

minute, involunatry muscle in the base of the hair follicle that causes "goose bumps"

Front 59

canities

Back 59

technical term for gray hair; results from the loss of the hair's natural melanin pigment

Front 60

carbuncle

Back 60

inflammation of the subcutaneous tissue caused by staphylococci; similar to a furuncle but larger

Front 61

catagen

Back 61

the brief transition period between the growth and resting phases of a hair follicle

Front 62

COHNS elements

Back 62

the five elements that make up human hair, skin, tissue and nails (carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur)

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cortex

Back 63

middle layer of the hair; a fibrous protein core formed by elongated cells containing melanin pigment

Front 64

cowlick

Back 64

tuft of hair that stands straight up

Front 65

cuticle

Back 65

outermost layer of hair, consisting of a single, overlapping layer of transparent, scale-like cells

Front 66

dermal papilla

Back 66

small, cone-shaped elevation located at the base of the hair follicle that fits into the hair bulb

Front 67

disulfide bond

Back 67

strong chemical side bond that joins the sulfur atom of two neighboring cysteine amino acids to create cystine

Front 68

eumelanin

Back 68

melanin that gives brown and black color to hair

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follicle

Back 69

tube-like depression or pocket in the skin or scalp that contains the hair root

Front 70

fragilitas crinium

Back 70

technical term for brittle hair

Front 71

furuncle

Back 71

boil; acute, localized bacterial infection of the hair follicle

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hair bulb

Back 72

lowest part of the hair strand; the thickened, club-shaped structure that forms the lower part of the hair root

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hair density

Back 73

the number of individual strands found on 1 square inch of scalp

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hair elasticity

Back 74

ability of the hair to stretch and return to its original length without breaking

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hair porosity

Back 75

ability of the hair to absorb moisture

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hair root

Back 76

the part of the hair contained within the follicle, below the surface of the scalp

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hair shaft

Back 77

the portion of hair that projects beyond the skin

Front 78

hair texture

Back 78

thickness or diameter of the individual hair strands

Front 79

helix

Back 79

spiral shape created by polypeptide chains that intertwine around each other

Front 80

hydrogen bond

Back 80

weak physical side bond that is easily broken by water or heat

Front 81

hypertrichosis (hirsuties)

Back 81

condition of abnormal growth of hair, characterized by the growth of terminal hair in areas of the body that normally grow only vellus hair

Front 82

integument

Back 82

largest and fastest growing organ of the body; composed of the hair, skin and nails

Front 83

keratinization

Back 83

process by which newly formed cells in the hair bulb mature, fill with keratin, move upward, lose their nucleus and die

Front 84

malassezia

Back 84

naturally occurring fungus that is present on all human skin and is responsible for dandruff

Front 85

medulla

Back 85

innermost layer of the hair, composed of round cells; often absent in fine hair

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melanin

Back 86

tiny grains of pigment in the cortex that give natural color to the hair

Front 87

monilethrix

Back 87

technical term for beaded hair

Front 88

pediculosis capitis

Back 88

infestation of the hair and scalp with head lice

Front 89

peptide bond or end bond

Back 89

chemical bond that joins amino acids to each other, end to end, to form a polypeptide chain

Front 90

pheomelanin

Back 90

melanin that provides natural hair colors from red and ginger to yellow/blond tones

Front 91

pityriasis

Back 91

dandruff; an inflammation of the skin characterized by the formation and flaking of fine, thin scales

Front 92

pityriasis capitis simplex

Back 92

technical term for classic dandruff; characterized by scalp irritation, large flakes, and itchy scalp

Front 93

pityriasis steatoides

Back 93

scalp inflammation marked by the fatty (greasy or waxy) types of dandruff

Front 94

polypeptide chain

Back 94

long chain of amino acids linked by peptide bonds

Front 95

postpartum alopecia

Back 95

temporary hair loss experienced at the conclusion of a pregnancy

Front 96

ringed hair

Back 96

variety of canities characterized by alternating bands of gray and pigmented hair throughout the length of the hair strand

Front 97

salt bond

Back 97

a weak, temporary side bond between adjacent polypeptide chains

Front 98

scabies

Back 98

highly contagious disease caused by mites that burrow under the skin

Front 99

scutula

Back 99

dry, sulfer-yellow, cup-like crusts on the scalp in tinea favosa or favus

Front 100

sebaceous glands

Back 100

oil glands of the skin connected to hair follicles

Front 101

seborrheic dermatitis

Back 101

medical terms for pityriasis steadtoies accompanied by redness and inflammation

Front 102

sebum

Back 102

oily secretion of the sebaceous glands, which lubricated the hair and skin

Front 103

telogen

Back 103

resting phase; the final phase in the hair cycle that lasts until the fully grown hair is shed

Front 104

terminal hair

Back 104

long hair found on the scalp, as well as on legs, arms, and body of both males and females

Front 105

tinea

Back 105

medical term for ringworm, a contagious condition caused by fungal infection

Front 106

tinea capitis

Back 106

fungal infection of the scalp characterized by red papules, or spots at the opening of hair follicles

Front 107

tinea favosa (tinea favus)

Back 107

fungal infection characterized by dry, sulfur-yellow, cup-like crusts on scalp, called scutula

Front 108

trichology

Back 108

science dealing with the study of hair, its diseases and care

Front 109

trichoptilosis

Back 109

technical term for split ends

Front 110

trichorrhexis nodosa

Back 110

knotted hair characterized by brittleness and the formation of nodular swellings along the hair shaft

Front 111

vellus or lanugo

Back 111

short, fine, unpigmented downy hair that appears on the body, with the exception of the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet

Front 112

wave pattern

Back 112

amount of "movement" in the hair strand; described as straight, wavy, curly, and extremely curly

Front 113

whorl

Back 113

hair that forms in a circular pattern, as on the crown