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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cytology
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study of cells
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differentiation
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cells specialize for specific functions
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Plasma Membrane
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aka cell membrane/ cell wall
made of a lipid (fats) bilayer with specialized proteins for transporting in and out of cell; selectively permeable |
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Cytoplasm
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fluid and material (organelles) that fill the cell from the nuclear membrane to the plasma membrane
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Cytosol
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viscous fluid in the cell
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Solutes
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something dissolved in the cytosol
examples include proteins, sugars, and salts |
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Nucleus
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houses the DNA, largest organelle that is bounded by the NUCLEAR MEMBRANE
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Mitochondria
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energy factory of the cell, convert energy from nutrients into ATP
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Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)
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cell's "energy currency"
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Ribosomes
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Free- floating in cytosol
Bound- imbedded in ER make proteins for use or transport |
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Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
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helps package proteins; network or pathway around nucleus
rough- has ribosomes attached smooth- no ribosomes |
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Golgi Apparatus
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traffic director or distribution center for proteins: makes compounds containing proteins, sorts and prepares compounds for transport
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Lysosomes
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small sacs (vesicles) of digestive enzymes, can autolyse or self-destruct cell
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Vesicles
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membrane encased products
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Cytoskeleton
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series of structural proteins that give cell it's structure and determine shape, guide wires throughout cell
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Name Five Basic Steps of Protein Synthesis
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1.Messenger (mRNA) makes a copy of the recipe from the DNA
2. mRNA takes recipe to ribosome where it is translated 3. finished product deposeited in ER 4.ER transports it to the Golgi Apparatus for sorting packaging and storage 5. packaged proteins are take to the cell memebrane in a vesicle |
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Exocytosis
(Active or Passive Transport?) |
Active
bulk movement of materials out of the cell (membrane transport) |
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Mitosis
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how cells replicate, the parent cell splits in two
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Passive Transport
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requires no energy made by the cell
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Active Transport
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uses energy made by the cell (ATP)
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Diffusion
(Active or Passive Transport?) |
Passive
Particles move from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration; think skunk |
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Osmosis
(Active or Passive Transport?) |
Passive
water moves from the side withe less solutes to the side with more solutes, limited to water |
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Filtration
(Active or Passive Transport?) |
Passive
the pressure of the fluid helps the solutes cross the membrane, like at kidneys where blood pressure is applied |
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Facilitated
(Active or Passive Transport?) |
Passive
only allows certain solutes through, like Fisher Price game |
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Endocytosis
(Active or Passive Transport?) |
Active
bulk transport into the cell |
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Phagocytosis
(Active or Passive Transport?) |
Active
brings large particles into the cell (phag means eat, think pac man) |
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Pinocytosis
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brings fluids into the cell
(pino like fluid) |
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-osis
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Movement
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Carcinoma
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cancer begins in epithelial cells
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Epithelial Cells
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covering and lining cells
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Sarcoma
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cancer begins in connective or muscle tissue cells
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