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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are frontal release signs?
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reflexes that we repress as we develop that return with damage to the frontal cortex
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what is the main function of the frontal lobe?
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executive decision making
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what are the 3 main signs of frontal lobe damage?
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frontal release signs
loss of inhibition personality changes |
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what is apraxia?
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inability to perform a sequence of automatic movements in absence of weakness or incoordination
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which side of the brain is responsible for language in the majority of people?
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left side or dominant side
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which side of the brain is responsible for spatial orientation?
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right side or non-dominant side
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where is the cingulate gyrus and what is it responsible for?
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in the frontal lobe next to the ventricles.
it is responsible for motivation, drive, and attention |
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where is impulse control located?
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orbito-frontal region of the frontal cortex
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what part of the brain is responsible for executive decisions? be specific
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dorsolateral region of the frontal lobe
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Name the 3 major parts of the temporal lobe?
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limbic system
amygdala hippocampus |
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what is the amygdala responsible for?
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fear center of the brain
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what is the limbic system's function?
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emotional center of the brain
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what is the hippocampus's function?
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very involved in memory
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where is heschl's gyrus and what does it do?
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temporal lobe
primary auditory cortex |
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What will we generally see with temporal lobe lesions?
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partial complex seizures
memory problems (bilateral lesions only) hallucinations (usually olfactory in nature) speech problems |
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what is the cause of Kluver-Bucy syndrome and what is its main symptom?
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a bilateral temporal lobe lesion
increased sexual aggression/hypersexuality |
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what is wernicke's aphasia? what is its cause?
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the person cannot understand what you are saying to them and they respond in gibberish. they have completely lost their ability to understand language
caused by a lesion to the dominant temporal lobe |
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what is broca's aphasia? what is its cause?
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the person can understand what you are saying but cannot make words to talk back
caused by a lesion to the posterior inferior frontal lobe |
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what is conduction aphasia? what is its cause?
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person can understand you but it takes a long time for them to respond
caused by a lesion to the arcuate fascicalus which connects Broca's area to Wernicke's area |
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what is transcortical motor aphasia? what is its cause?
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when a person can only respond in simple language. cannot have complex conversations
caused by lesions to the areas surrounding broca's area |
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what is transcortical sensory aphasia? what is its cause?
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they cannot understand language but can understand repetition. no meaningful speech production but can finish a song if you start it
caused by lesions to areas surrounding wernicke's area |
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what is episodic memory? how is it stored?
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these are personal "filmic" memories that are encoded by the hippocampus and stored in the cortex
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what is semantic memory? how is it stored?
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these are fact
they are encoded in the temporal lobe and retrieval is by the frontal lobes |
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where is procedural memory stored?
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cerebellum and putamen
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where is fear stored?
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amygdala
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what is the main function of the hippocampus?
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store and consolidate new memories
decide which memories you want to store and which ones you don't |
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what causes amnesia?
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bilaterally hippocampal lesions
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what are the structures of the limbic system?
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hippocampus
parahippocampus cingulate gyrus amygdala hypothalamus septal nuclei |
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what is does the limbic system function in?
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emotions
memory unconscious behaviors |
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what will a lesion to the septal nuclei produce?
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septal rage
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what is the Papez circuit? in general
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an explanation for how emotions can cause memories and memories can cause emotions
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What is Alien hand syndrome? what causes it?
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inability to suppress random left side body movements
due to a severed corpus callosum and the left brain cannot exert control over the right brain |
