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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
_ Assumes that society can remove an offenders capacity to commit further crimes by detention in prison or execution |
Incapacitation |
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_Contends than an offender should be punished based on the severity of the offfense |
Retribution |
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__presumes that punishment inflicted on criminals will discourage them from committing future crimes |
Specific deterrence |
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offenders who repeat certain kinds of crimes are sentenced to long prison terms through the concept of __ incapacitation |
Selective |
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The use of __ sentences was greatly expanded in the 1980's as a primary weapon in the War on Drugs |
Mandatory |
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__ is the goal of punishment inflicted on a person who has violated criminal law and deserves to be punished |
retribution |
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In keeping with the goal of treatment, __ sentencing gives correctional officials and parole boards significant control over the amount of time an offender serves through a lack of fixed time of incarceration |
Indeterminate |
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The most frequently applied criminal sanction is __ |
Probation |
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A convicted offender who is imprisoned for a fixed period of time has been given a ___ sentence |
determinate |
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__ presumes member of the general public will be discouraged by observing the punishments of others and will conclude the costs of crime outweigh the benefits |
General deterrence |
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Unjust punishments can occur because of sentencing disparities and __ |
wrongful convictions |
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__ sanctions are penalties that are more severe than probation but less severe than incarceration |
Intermediate |
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The correctional goal of __ attempts to restore the convicted offender to a constructive place in society through use of individualized treatment |
Rehabilitation |
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The correctional goal of __ assumes that society can, by detention in a correctional facility, or by execution, remove an offenders capacity to commit further crimes |
Incapacitation |
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Of the four major goals of corrections, __ clearly conflicts with the other 3 goals since it focuses on treatment of the offender as opposed to other more punitive sanctions |
Rehabilitation |
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__ is the most visible form of punishment used in the US |
Incarceration |
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Laws passed by legislatures at all levels of government are known as |
Statutes |
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The __ Amendment focuses on the right to Religious freedom |
1st |
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Legal rules, usually set by an agency of the executive branch, designed to implement in detail policies of that agency are __ |
Regulations |
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__ refers to legal rules produced by Judges' decisions |
Case Law |
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Legal rules created in judges decisions that serve to guide decisions in similar cases |
Precedent |
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The __ Amendment focuses on the protection of privacy within the scope of search and seizure |
4th |
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The constitutional guarantee the no agent or instrumentality of government will use any thing to arrest, prosecute, try, or punish any person other than that prescribed by the law is procedural __ |
Due Process |
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__ is intervention in a dispute by a third party where those in conflict submit their differences for resolution and the decision (in the correctional setting) is binding on both parties |
Mediation |
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A public official who investigates complaints against government officials and recommends corrective measures |
Ombudsman |
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The first recognized US Supreme Court Case recognizing the termination of hand-off policy |
Cooper v Pate (1964) |
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__ refers to the responsibility for the provision of monetary or other compensation awarded to a plaintiff in a civil action |
Civil Liablility |
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___ refers to an interest of the state that must take precedence over rights guaranteed by the 1st Amendment |
Compelling State Interest |
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__ refers to means of ensuring a legitimate state interest (such as security) that impose fewer limits on prisoners' rights than do alternative means of securing that end |
Least Restrictive Methods |
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Since the 1940's, Supreme Court has maintained that the ___ Amendment holds a special position in the bill of rights because it guarantees those freedoms essential in a democracy |
1st |
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Factors influencing the filtering process through the correctional system include department policy and ___ |
Bail |
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Martin and Yablonsky describe a ___, because it operates as a large offender selection bureaucracy |
Filtering Process |
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One of the most successful alcohol treatment programs |
Alcoholics Anonymous |
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The mentally ill offender is now recognized as an over generalization, and a ___ |
Social issue |
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A person who in a particular set of circumstances has violated the law but is not normally given to criminal behavior and who is unlikely to repeat the offense |
Situational Offender |
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When the justice system brings the more serious cases forward for a more severe punishment, it acts as selective___ |
Incapacitation |
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The most despised offender in court and in prison |
child molestor |
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refers to a person who sees crime as a way of earning a living and has numerous contacts with the law throughout his/her life |
Career Criminal |
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Once a person is ___, a range of punishments of escalating severity may be imposed |
Convicted |
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Due to prison overcrowding, correctional officials believe that ___ offenders are most appropriate for early release because they typically pose little or no threat to the public |
Elderly |
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While only 2% of the US adult population abuses drugs, over ___ percent of those in prison admit to doing so |
50 |
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The term ___ offender describes a person whose behavior may be traced to a diminished or otherwise abnormal capacity to think or reason |
Mentally ill |