Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Gold medal winners
|
-716 per 100,000 of general population
-prison population has quadrupled -12/2013; 1,574,700 in state and federal institutions; up 4300 from 2012 |
|
|
U.S. Incarceration Trends
|
-recent decreases not due to unavailability of offenders
-Costs every U.S. citizen $104 each year -Prison pop is growing 13x faster than general pop |
|
|
Ways to reduce numbers
|
- send less to prison
- reduce length of sentences |
|
|
5 states with highest incarceration rates
|
-Louisiana
-Mississippi -Texas -Oklahoma -Alabama ALL SOUTH |
|
|
Factors related to increase
|
1. Increased arrests and more likely incarceration
2. Tougher sentencing 3. Prison construction 4. The war on drugs 5. State and local politics |
|
|
Tougher Sentencing
|
Average time served is 5 years; violent offenses-8years; property-3 years
|
|
|
Null Strategy
|
-Do nothing
- no money needed for new Negatives: possible major disorder; morale loss by staff; courts may intervene |
|
|
Build more prison strategy
|
-poor fiscal situation makes this less appealing
- estimated at $75,000 per cell; 500bed medium facility= 31 million |
|
|
Intermediate Sanction Strategy
|
-since space is so costly, perhaps it should be reserved for violent offenders not deterred by other punishments
-punishments short of incarceration |
|
|
Prison Population reduction strategy
|
-DOC has no control over intake and legislatures have mandated sentences regardless of overcrowding
-Use of good time, earned service, parole, work release |
|
|
Who makes up a large percentage
|
African Americans and Hispanics
|
|
|
Percentage of state inmates in local jails
|
50% in Louisiana
35.3% in Kentucky 26.1% in Tennessee |
|
|
Increased arrest and more likely incarceration
|
-When crime soared, incarceration was low
-Large portion of pop, returned for parole violations - massive number of arrests with likely prison have been a factor -CA- 65% -Vermont-66% |
|
|
Prison construction
|
1990-2005 more than 500 prisons built; increase of 42%
-Texas has 137; 700% increase 1979-2000 |
|
|
War on drugs
|
-1982 Ronald Reagan declared war and funded LE and prisons
- crack was becoming popular - 1980 had 6% on state; today 18% state and 50% federal |
|
|
State and local politics
|
Ny- enacted tough sentencing in 1970s and over 20 years soared
|
|
|
Which of these has caused the increases
|
-it's apparent the prison population is not driven by crime rates, but public policy
- politicians reacting to public demand - more and longer incarceration; prison expansion |
|
|
Reversing the course
|
GOAL: need to reduce new admissions while reducing sentence lengths
|
|
|
Earned time provisions
|
-innovative way to cut sentence length
- reduce their time by participation in various programs - some give for work assignments(18 states) -rehabilitation programs(14 states) Meritorious service(13 states) -gives them an incentive to participate towards a goal and their own rehab |
|
|
Overcrowding strategies
|
Takes up to 7 years to build a new one from start to finish; cost is enormous
|
